Parts of the Brain

Question 1

Cerebrum

Answer 1

Large mass of forebrain, 2 hemispheres.

Question 2

Cortex

Answer 2

Outer layer of brain.

Question 3

Corpus Callosum

Answer 3

Connects the two hemispheres.

Question 4

Pre-Frontal Cortex

Answer 4

Front part of the cerebrum where higher level of thinking and reasoning takes place.

Question 5

Thalamus

Answer 5

Relays messages from sense organs to the cerebral cortex.

Question 6

Hypothalamus

Answer 6

Physiological functions/drives (e.g., hunger/sex).

Question 7

Pituitary Gland

Answer 7

Endocrine system’s “master gland”.

Question 8

Cerebellum

Answer 8

Voluntary movement, balance, and coordination.

Question 9

Pons

Answer 9

Sleep/alertness/body movement.

Question 10

Reticular Activating System

Answer 10

Consciousness/attention.

Question 11

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 11

Vital functions.

Question 12

Hippocampus

Answer 12

• Short-term memory/learning.

- Sorts through and processes incoming information.

Question 13

Amygdala

Answer 13

Emotions/anger etc.

Question 14

Neuron-Nerve Cell

Answer 14

• Brain cells are neurons made up of a cell body, axon, and dendrites.
• Cannot reproduce themselves.
• Like a circuit board, their primary function is communication.
• Communicate with others neurons, structures in the brain, and other parts of the body by electrically charged chemicals called neurotransmitters.

Question 15

Cell bodies contain a…

Answer 15

Nucleus

Question 16

Axon

Answer 16

• Sends out signals to other neurons.

- Signals are electrically charged chemical impulses that flow from the nucleus down the axon to the axon terminal.

Question 17

Dendrites

Answer 17

Pick up signals/impulses from other neurons and relay them into the cell body and nucleus.

Question 18

Serotonin

Answer 18

• Neurotransmitter
• Serotonin is active in constricting smooth muscles, transmitting impulses between nerve cells, regulating cyclic body processes and contributing to wellbeing and happiness.

Question 19

Synapse

Answer 19

Junction between the two neurons.

Question 20

Refractory Period

Answer 20

Time needed for a neuron to recover before it can fire again.

Question 21

Axon sends message to…

Answer 21

Another cell’s dendrite(s)

Question 22

______ receives messages from another cell’s axon.

Answer 22

Dendrite(s)

Question 23

Myelin Sheath

Answer 23

• Protective coating on the axon.

- Made of fatty tissue/lipids.

Question 24

Catecholamines

Answer 24

Works as both a neurotransmitters in the brain and hormones in the endocrine system throughout the body.

Question 25

Norepinephrine (noradrenalin)

Answer 25

Leaning and memory in the brain but also is secreted by the adrenal gland during stress and arousal.

Question 26

Dopamine

Answer 26

Tells the pituitary gland to release endorphine (endocrine morphine) neurotransmitter that binds to opiate receptors on (the dendrites of) neurons that reduce the sensation of pain and give the sense of well-being.

Question 27

Low levels of ________ are found in ______ and people who have _______ disease.

Answer 27

Dopamine… Schizophrenics… and Parkinson’s

Question 28

Amphetamines

Answer 28

Prevent repute of dopamine and also promote the release of additional dopamine.

Question 29

The Nervous System

Answer 29

Coordinating neural mechanism that regulates internal functions and responses to stimuli.

Question 30

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 30

The brain and the spinal cord.

Question 31

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 31

All the nervous systems of the brain and the spinal cord.