Psychology Final (Quarter 3) 2016 Flashcards
Attribution Theory
- Between actor (person doing the action) and observer (person watching the action).
- Actor does things without intentions while the observer(s) thinks of reasons why they do it.
- Actor blames environment and observer blames actor.
- Study of the reasons people assign to certain behaviors.
Attribution Error
Observer(s) and actor(s) give conflicting explanations for the cause(s) behind the actor’s behavior/intention.
Deindividuation
The process of having reduced self-awareness and lowered concern for social evaluation (part of a mob, not an individual)
Social group is…?
- Two or more people that know each other and interact.
- Similar behaviors and expectations/group norms.
- Cooperate (develop roles) and conform.
- Collective sense of unity.
- A leader typically emerges. People take on roles.
Social Norms
Standards or guidelines that suggest to members of a social group how they should act.
Aggression
Harmful or hostile actions or behaviors directed toward an enemy.
Altruism
Unselfish concern for the welfare of others.
Catharsis
Release of energy or venting aggressive impulses through non-harmful aggression or fantasy.
Illusory Correlation
- Phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables even when no such relationship exists.
- Example: hit head as car honks
Yerkes-Dodson Principle
- Relationship between arousal and performance
- Performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point.
Confirmation Bias
- Tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one’s preconceptions.
Primacy/Recency Effect
- Remembering best the items that come at the end of the list.
Metacognition
- Awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes.
- Higher-order thinking that enables understanding, analysis, and control of one’s cognitive processes, especially when engaged in learning.
Overregularization
- The use of grammar rules in situations where they don’t apply.
- Applying grammar rules where they dont work or make sense.
Classical Conditioning
- Neutral stimulus with potent stimulus
- To elicit a response that previously did not occur.
