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PSY290 > parts of the brain > Flashcards

parts of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 major divisions in embryonic development

A

telencephalon and diencephalon (forebrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
metencephalon and myelencephalon (hindbrain)

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2
Q

left side of forebrain functions

A

logic
reasoning
language

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3
Q

broca and wernicke’s area

A

language

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4
Q

right side of forebrain functions

A

spatial manipulation
music ability
emotional processing
facial recognition

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5
Q

two main parts of diencephalon

A

thalamus

hypothalamus (and pituitary)

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6
Q

do we have one or two thalamus?

A

two

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7
Q

thalamus

A

main hub for sensory input to cerebral cortex

20% of activity derived from incoming sensory input
80% of activity is feedback from different areas

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8
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates hormone release from pituitary gland
regulates four 4’s of motivation
vital functions; hunger, thirst, sex, temp reg.

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9
Q

what are 4 F’s of motivation (hypothalamus)

A

fleeing
fighting
foraging
sex

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10
Q

whats are 2 additional parts of forebrain?

A

limbic system and basal ganglia

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11
Q

limbic system

A

regulation of motivated behaviours (emotion and learning)

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12
Q

what are the parts of the limbic system

A

amygdala
hippocampus
mammillary body
cingulate cortex

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13
Q

amygdala

A

recognition of emotional stimuli

perception of odour

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14
Q

hippocampus

A

memory

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15
Q

mammillary body

A

memory

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16
Q

cingulate cortex

A

communicates info from amygdala, hippo, mammillary bodies

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17
Q

basal ganglia

A

part of motor system - control of movement

helps with decision making

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18
Q

parts of basal ganglia

A

straita and globus pallidus

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19
Q

straita

A

gray matter, included caudate nucleus and putamen

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20
Q

globus pallidus

A

white matter, central nucleus that combines all parts together

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21
Q

midbrain functions

A

basic functions like ;
vision and hearing
motor control
temperature regulation

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22
Q

two parts of mesencephalon

A

tectum and tegmentum

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23
Q

tectum

A

reflective coordination between auditory and visual input

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24
Q

colliculus

A

integrate auditory and sensory info together

help us react to stimuli

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25
Q

tegmentum

A

regulatory pathways

26
Q

parts of tegmentum

A

periaqueductal gray
red nucleus
substantia nigra

27
Q

periaqueductal gray

A

pain perception

28
Q

red nucleus

A

motor control

29
Q

substantia nigra

A

motor movement

30
Q

two parts of hindbrain

A

metencephalon

myelencephalon (medulla)

31
Q

whats in the metencephalon

A

pons

cerebellum

32
Q

pons

A

arousal
attention
sleep and wakefullness

33
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates voluntary movements, muscle tone, and balance

role in learning, cognition, social awareness

34
Q

where do majority of brain neurons exist

A

cerebellum

35
Q

function of myelencephalon / medulla

A

regulates autonomic functions (respiration and cardiovascular function)

36
Q

what is an additional part of hindbrain?

A

spinal cord

37
Q

frontal lobe general functions

A

executive function
language
movement
learning

38
Q

occipital lobe general functions

A

vision

what and where pathway

39
Q

parietal lobe general functions

A

object movement and location

touch

40
Q

temporal lobe general functions

A

hearing
language
memory formation
what pathway (object recognition)

41
Q

corpus callosum

A

main point of decussate

allows brain to act as single entity

42
Q

where are the 6 layers of the brain

A

gray matter

43
Q

gyri

A

ridges of tissue in cortex

44
Q

what separates gyri from each other

A

sulci

45
Q

how much of cortex is hidden in depths of the cortex folds

A

2/3

46
Q

sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus)

A

divides temporal lobe from other regions of hemisphere

47
Q

central sulcus

A

provide distinct landmark dividing frontal and parietal lobes

48
Q

postcentral gyrus / primary somatosensory cortex

A

receives somatosensory info from body (especially sense of touch)

49
Q

precentral gyrus / primary motor cortex

A

motor control

50
Q

olfactory bulb

A

processes our sense of smell

51
Q

does midbrain have a lot of tissue?

A

no

52
Q

what are inferior colliculi called

A

caudal bumps

53
Q

what are superior colliculi called

A

rostral bumps

54
Q

loss of neurons in what area leads to parkinson’s disease

A

substantia nigra

55
Q

reticular formation

A

collection of neurons important in variety of behaviours such as sleep and arousal

56
Q

the cerebral cortex is made of 6 layers. how many layers make up the cerebellum?

A

3

57
Q

what are meninges

A

3 protective membranes (dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid) surrounding brain and spinal cord

58
Q

dura mater

A

tough outer sheet

59
Q

pia mater

A

innermost sheet which adheres to brain surface

60
Q

arachnoid

A

creates a subarachnoid space that suspends brain in CSF

61
Q

what 2 fluids does brain rely on

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood

PSY290 (5 decks)

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