Parts of speech

Question 1

what are open word classes?

Answer 1

word classes that allow new words into them such as adjectives, nouns, main verbs, adverbs

Question 2

What are closed word classes?

Answer 2

Word classes that do not allow or rarely allow new words into their classes, such as pronouns, determiners, auxiliary verbs, conjuntions, prepostions

Question 3

What are homonyms?

Answer 3

words that share the same form but are not related in meaning: ex: Peer vs. peer.

Question 4

What are homonyms?

Answer 4

Words that share the same sound but differ in spelling:

ex: weigh and weigh

Question 5

What are homographs?

Answer 5

words that share the same spelling but differ in pronounciation: ex: row (line of object ) and row= quarrel

Question 6

what are lexical words?

Answer 6

Words listed as main words in dictionaries

Question 7

What are suffixes ?

Answer 7

Endings added to words to form new words:

Question 8

what are noun suffixes?

Answer 8

noun endings such as -tion, er, or, ism , ity, ment, ness

Question 9

What are the noun classes?

Answer 9

We have two sets: proper and common nouns

Question 10

What are proper nouns?

Answer 10

Nouns that names people, places, occasions that begin with a captial letter: Lucy, New york, Christmas

Question 11

What are common nouns?

Answer 11

Nouns that are not names such as the capital of Sweden is Stockholm.

Question 12

What are two subclasses of common nouns?

Answer 12

Concrete and abstract nouns

count-nouns and non-count nouns

Question 13

What are concrete and abstract nouns?

Answer 13

Concrete nouns refer to people, places, or things: girl, kitchen, car
abstract nouns refer to qualities, states or actions; humour, belif, honesty

Question 14

what are count nouns?

Answer 14

Nouns that can be counted, they can have both singular and plural form: a, one, every, -ten, many, those - students.

Question 15

what are non-count nouns?

Answer 15

Those that cannot be counted: information, furniture, software. They are treated as singular .
much, your, that- information

Question 16

Are abstract nouns usally count-nouns?

Answer 16

No, they are usually non-count nouns

Question 17

Can determiners such as THE and YOUR go with both non-count and count nouns?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

what does A and THOSE go with?

Answer 18

singular count nouns or only with plural count nouns

Question 19

How can non-count nouns be converted into count nouns?

Answer 19

When the count nouns refer to diffrent kinds of varieties
“The shop has a selection of cheeses”
or the count noun refers to units that are obvious in the situation:
“I will have two coffies please”

Question 20

when do we use few/little and fewer/less?

Answer 20

Few/ fewer are used with count nouns

little/less are used with non-count nouns

Question 21

How does count nouns make a distinction between singular and plural?

Answer 21

The regular plurals ends in inflectional -s

Question 22

Name some irregular plurals of woman, man, foot, goose, tooth, mouse, louse, brother, child, ox, stimulus, curriculum, crisis, phenomenon

Answer 22

women, men, feet, geese, teeth, mice, lice, brethren, children, oxen, stimuli, curricula, crises, phenomena.

Question 23

Name some nouns that mark gender in english: (the equivalent of these genders) 
father- 
widow-
bride
boy, 
host, hero, 
bull, 
lion

Answer 23

father, mother, widower, widow, bridegroom , bride, boy, girl, host, hostess, hero, heroine, bull, vow, lion, lioness

Question 24

How many cases does nouns have?

Answer 24

Two

common and genitive case

Question 25

what are common case?

Answer 25

The most often used

Singular: the student plural: the students

Question 26

What are genitive case?

Answer 26

Genitive case generally indicates that the noun is dependent on the noun that follows it, this case often corresponds to the structrue “of”

Question 27

How is case marked in writing for regular nouns?

Answer 27

By an apostrophe plus s in singular “student’s “
and by apostrophe following the plural -s
“students’”

Question 28

What do we use the genitive S for?

Answer 28

to express possession,” my mother’s car” refer to a period of time, “an hour’s stay” or a type of something. “ a womans college”

Question 29

What are dependent and independent genitives?

Answer 29

The dependent genitive is dependent on a following noun. “The student’s essay”
The independent genitive is not dependent on a following noun. “ Sally’s comments are better than Alan’s”
The independent genitive may combine with the of-structure.
“One of my friends”

Question 30

What does subject complements typically function as?

Answer 30

noun phrases or adjective phrases

Question 31

What are connectives?

Answer 31

a subclass of adverbials which express the speaker`s point of view or a logical connection between sentences: unfortunately, luckily….

Question 32

What does adverbial complements typically refer to?

Answer 32

space, location, direction

We can not leave them out in a sentence

Question 33

What kind of phrase may the object complement be?

Answer 33

A prepositional phrase