Particles of Matter

Question 1

what is density

Answer 1

a measure of how much mass occupies a given volume

Question 2

what is the density equation

Answer 2

mass / volume

Question 3

what is volume

Answer 3

how much space there is in a 3D shape

Question 4

how do you find the volume of a cube/cuboid

Answer 4

l x b x h

Question 5

volume of a cylinder

Answer 5

pi x r^2 x h

Question 6

volume of a sphere

Answer 6

4/3 x pi x r^3

Question 7

how are the particles arranged in a solid

Answer 7

vibrate about a fixed point
close together
held together by strong forces of attraction
regular lattice

Question 8

how are the particles arranged in a liquid

Answer 8

able to move over each other
close together
held together by weaker forces of attraction
irregular pattern

Question 9

how are particles arranged in a gas

Answer 9

free to move in random motion
spread far apart
no forces of attraction
move with a range of speeds

Question 10

what are the states of matter in order of least to most energy

Answer 10

solid , liquid , gas

Question 11

what is the change of state from solid to liquid called

Answer 11

melting

Question 12

what is the change of state from liquid to solid called

Answer 12

freezing

Question 13

what is the change of state from liquid to gas called

Answer 13

evaporation

Question 14

what is the change of state from gas to liquid called

Answer 14

condensation

Question 15

what is the change from solid to gas called

Answer 15

sublimation

Question 16

how do substances change state

Answer 16

by either transferring more energy to them (heating ) or by transferring heat energy away (cooling)

Question 17

what is it an example of when a substance changes shape

Answer 17

physical change

Question 18

what can the physical change of changing states do

Answer 18

be reversed and the substance reverts back to having its original proportions

Question 19

what happens to mass when states are changed

Answer 19

mass is conserved because the mass doesn’t change because
number of particles present in substance doesn’t change
it is the arrangement of the particles that has now changed

Question 20

what is a pure substance

Answer 20

a substance made up of one atom or one type of molecule

Question 21

what do impurities in substances affect

Answer 21

the melting, boiling and freezing point of a substance

Question 22

what energy do particles gain when particles start to change state

Answer 22

kinetic energy therefore temp increases

Question 23

what energy does particles gain when they actually change state

Answer 23

potential energy so temp doesn’t increase

Question 24

what is internal energy

Answer 24

energy stored by the particles of a substance

Question 25

how do you calculate the internal energy of a substance

Answer 25

kinetic energy the particles have + elastic potential energy due to the bonds between particles

Question 26

what is specific latent heat

Answer 26

energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without changing the temperature

Question 27

what happens to the internal energy when a substance changes state

Answer 27

the potential energy of the particles increase

Question 28

why does the temperature increase when a substance is heated

Answer 28

kinetic energy of the particles increase, increasing the internal energy of the substance

Question 29

what is temperature

Answer 29

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles (faster they are going the hotter they are )

Question 30

what is pressure

Answer 30

when a continuous force is exerted onto a surface . pressure can be thought of as force per unit area

Question 31

what is charles law

Answer 31

as a bottle is heated the particles gain kinetic energy increasing average kinetic energy kinetic energy causes the particles to move around and collide into the bottle increasing the average speed of the gas particles increases the forces the particles exert on the container building up pressure and resulting in the bottle returning to its original shape

Question 32

what is boyles law

Answer 32

for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume

Question 33

why does pressure of a gas decrease as volume increases

Answer 33

more area for particles to move less collisions less pressure as the force is smaller

Question 34

what is the equation for a constant

Answer 34

pressure x volume

Question 35

what can boyles law be written as

Answer 35

p1 v1 = p2 v2