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Physics > Particles of Matter > Flashcards

Particles of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

what is density

A

a measure of how much mass occupies a given volume

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2
Q

what is the density equation

A

mass / volume

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3
Q

what is volume

A

how much space there is in a 3D shape

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4
Q

how do you find the volume of a cube/cuboid

A

l x b x h

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5
Q

volume of a cylinder

A

pi x r^2 x h

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6
Q

volume of a sphere

A

4/3 x pi x r^3

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7
Q

how are the particles arranged in a solid

A

vibrate about a fixed point
close together
held together by strong forces of attraction
regular lattice

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8
Q

how are the particles arranged in a liquid

A

able to move over each other
close together
held together by weaker forces of attraction
irregular pattern

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9
Q

how are particles arranged in a gas

A

free to move in random motion
spread far apart
no forces of attraction
move with a range of speeds

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10
Q

what are the states of matter in order of least to most energy

A

solid , liquid , gas

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11
Q

what is the change of state from solid to liquid called

A

melting

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12
Q

what is the change of state from liquid to solid called

A

freezing

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13
Q

what is the change of state from liquid to gas called

A

evaporation

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14
Q

what is the change of state from gas to liquid called

A

condensation

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15
Q

what is the change from solid to gas called

A

sublimation

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16
Q

how do substances change state

A

by either transferring more energy to them (heating ) or by transferring heat energy away (cooling)

17
Q

what is it an example of when a substance changes shape

A

physical change

18
Q

what can the physical change of changing states do

A

be reversed and the substance reverts back to having its original proportions

19
Q

what happens to mass when states are changed

A

mass is conserved because the mass doesn’t change because
number of particles present in substance doesn’t change
it is the arrangement of the particles that has now changed

20
Q

what is a pure substance

A

a substance made up of one atom or one type of molecule

21
Q

what do impurities in substances affect

A

the melting, boiling and freezing point of a substance

22
Q

what energy do particles gain when particles start to change state

A

kinetic energy therefore temp increases

23
Q

what energy does particles gain when they actually change state

A

potential energy so temp doesn’t increase

24
Q

what is internal energy

A

energy stored by the particles of a substance

25
Q

how do you calculate the internal energy of a substance

A

kinetic energy the particles have + elastic potential energy due to the bonds between particles

26
Q

what is specific latent heat

A

energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without changing the temperature

27
Q

what happens to the internal energy when a substance changes state

A

the potential energy of the particles increase

28
Q

why does the temperature increase when a substance is heated

A

kinetic energy of the particles increase, increasing the internal energy of the substance

29
Q

what is temperature

A

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles (faster they are going the hotter they are )

30
Q

what is pressure

A

when a continuous force is exerted onto a surface .
pressure can be thought of as force per unit area

31
Q

what is charles law

A

as a bottle is heated the particles gain kinetic energy
increasing average kinetic energy
kinetic energy causes the particles to move around and collide into the bottle increasing the average speed of the gas particles
increases the forces the particles exert on the container
building up pressure and resulting in the bottle returning to its original shape

32
Q

what is boyles law

A

for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume

33
Q

why does pressure of a gas decrease as volume increases

A

more area for particles to move
less collisions
less pressure as the force is smaller

34
Q

what is the equation for a constant

A

pressure x volume

35
Q

what can boyles law be written as

A

p1 v1 = p2 v2

Physics (19 decks)

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