Particles and Matter Flashcards
1
Q
Heterogeneous
A
Able to see different parts
2
Q
Homogenous
A
Unable to see different parts
3
Q
Alloy
A
2 or more metals mixed
4
Q
Solution
A
Particles mix evenly
5
Q
Mechanical Mixture
A
Particles do not mix evenly
6
Q
Mixture
A
2 or more types of particles
7
Q
Pure substance
A
1 type of particle
8
Q
Element
A
1 capital letter, can’t be broken down
9
Q
Compound
A
2 or more elements, can be broken down, more than one capital letter.
10
Q
Particle Theory
A
- All matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty space between them.
- Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles.
- Particles are in constant motion.
- The particles of a substance move faster as its temperature increases.
- Particles attract each other.
11
Q
Solubility
A
Ability to dissolve
12
Q
Lustre
A
Shine
13
Q
Malleability
A
Ability to be bent or hammered flat.
14
Q
Ductility
A
Ability to be bent into wires
15
Q
Viscosity
A
Ability to flow
16
Q
Fusibility
A
Ability to melt
17
Q
Heat Conductivity
A
Ability to carry heat
18
Q
Hardness
A
Measure of the resistance to being scratched or dented
19
Q
Magnetic quality
A
attracted to a magnet
20
Q
Form
A
Type of solid
21
Q
Color change on heating
A
Substance is reacting with oxygen
22
Q
Solute
A
What dissolves in a solution
23
Q
Solvent
A
What the solute dissolves in
24
Q
Alkali Metals
A
Group 1. Shiny, silvery metals. Most reactive of the metals group, very reactive to air and water
25
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2. Shiny, silvery metals, found in the earth's crust. Reactive, not as reactive as group 1 though.
26
Halogens
Group 17. Non metal, most reactive of non metals. Reactivity has to do with atomic structure. Halogen means salt former. (nacl)
27
Noble Gases
Group 18. All non metals, gases at room temperature. Inert, don't react with other chemicals.
28
Groups vs. Families
```
Groups = Columns - Has the same energy levels
Families = Rows - Has the same properties
```
29
Suspension
When a mechanical mixture is mixed so it looks like a solution
30
Melting
In a solid the particles are very close together, and the force of attraction is very high. The particle theory states particles are always moving, and the particles in a solid only vibrate because there is not much space to move. Ice turns into water when heat is added because energy is added, which makes the particles move faster and bump into each other more often. As they bump into each other, there is more space between them, making the force of attraction is less, resulting in the water turning from a solid to a liquid.
31
The staircase starts under...
Boron
32
Cs
Cesium
33
Sn
Tin
34
I
Iodine
35
Hg
Mercury
36
Diatomic Element
An element that cannot exist by itself, always molecules. Hydrogen, Neon, Fluorine, Oxygen, Bromine, Chlorine, Iodine.
37
Sublimation
In a gas, the particles are very far apart. When they sublimate, they move closer together and form a solid.
38
Freezing
In a liquid, the particles have a fixed volume but not a fixed shape. When cold is added, energy is taken away, and the particles move less. They stop bumping into each other and move closer together, where the force of attraction is stronger and they move less.
39
Evaporation
In a liquid, the particles have a fixed volume but not a fixed shape. When heat is added, they move faster and start bumping into each other a lot more often, creating more space between them. As there is less space between them, the force of attraction is weaker and they are now a gas.
40
Condensation
In a gas, the particles are very far apart and they have a lot of energy. When cold energy is added, the particles move more slowly and collide with each other less often. Soon, they grow closer together where the force of attraction is stronger. They are now a liquid.
41
Physical Properties
Describes the features of an object, like the size or color.
42
Chemical Properties
Describes the potential for an chemical reaction or for a new substance to be formed from it.
43
Change of State
According to the particle theory, particles are always moving. Particles of a substance form a solid when these forces of attraction are strong enough to hold the particles close together in a rigid shape. When heated, particles gain energy and begin moving faster. When they have enough thermal energy, the particles start sliding past each other because the attraction between particles can no longer hold them together. This is the liquid state. The particles are very close together, but they are able to flow past each other. If heating continues, the particles gain so much energy they literally fly apart. The substance is now in the gaseous state, and the particles are so far apart that the forces of attraction have little effect on their behavior.
