Particles

Question 1

What is an isotope

Answer 1

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but with different number of neutrons

Question 2

How to calculate specific charge

Answer 2

Charge divided by mass

Question 3

What is the role of the strong nuclear force

Answer 3

Keeping the nucleus stable

Question 4

What is the range of the strong nuclear force

Answer 4

Attraction up to 3fm, but repulsion closer than 0.5fm

Question 5

What causes radiation

Answer 5

Unstable nuclei

Question 6

What is alpha decay

Answer 6

When an unstable nuclei releases 2 neutrons and 2 protons together as an alpha particle

Question 7

What is beta decay

Answer 7

When an unstable nuclei decays a neutron to become a proton, releasing an electron and an antineutrino

Question 8

What is gamma radiation

Answer 8

When a nucleus with a lot of energy releases electromagnetic radiation ,that can pass through metal plates

Question 9

Why is a neutrino required

Answer 9

Conservation of energy in beta decay

Question 10

What are photons

Answer 10

A packet of electromagnetic waves

Question 11

What is a laser beam

Answer 11

It consists of photons of the same frequency; the equation for its power = nhf

Question 12

For every type of particle…

Answer 12

There is a corresponding antiparticle

Question 13

Properties of antiparticles

Answer 13

Same rest mass as the particle, exactly opposite charge to the other particle

Question 14

What is the name of the antiparticle of electrons

Answer 14

Positrons

Question 15

What is annihilation

Answer 15

When a particle and its antiparticle meets, their mass is converted into energy as two photons (hf = E)

Question 16

What is pair production

Answer 16

When a photon creates a particle and its own antiparticle randomly (hf = 2E)

Question 17

What are the four fundamental interactions

Answer 17

Gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear and strong nuclear forces

Question 18

What are exchange particles for

Answer 18

Explaining change in energy, momentum and forces in interactions

Question 19

What is the exchange particle for the electromagnetic force

Answer 19

Virtual photon

Question 20

What is the exchange particle for weak interaction

Answer 20

W+, W-

Question 21

What is the exchange particle for strong interaction

Answer 21

Pion

Question 22

What is beta- decay

Answer 22

Neutron into proton and W-

W- into antineutrino and electron

Question 23

What is beta+ decay

Answer 23

Proton into neutron and W+

W+ into positron and neutrino

Question 24

What is electron capture

Answer 24

Proton into neutron and W+

W+ and electron into neutrino

Question 25

What is proton-electron collision

Answer 25

Electron into neutrino and W-

W- and proton into neutron

Question 26

Describe what electron capture is

Answer 26

Electron from an orbital interacts with a proton in the nucleus via weak interaction, to form a neutron

Question 27

Proof that electrons act like a particle

Answer 27

Deflection of electrons in an electric field

Question 28

Proof that electrons act like a wave

Answer 28

Diffraction of electrons

Question 29

Describe pair production

Answer 29

Photon interacts with an electron/atom, energy is used to make a particle-antiparticle pair, hf=2mc^2, conserves momentum