Particle theory Flashcards
what are the three states of matter?
Solids, liquids and gases
The Particle Model explains the properties of the different states by looking at:
- movement of particles
- average distance between particles
arrangement of particles in solids
closely touching and in a regular pattern
movement of particles in solids
cannot move but can vibrate
arrangement of particles in liquids
irregular pattern but most particles touch eachother
movement of particles in liquids
randomly move and touch other particles
arrangement of particles in gases
random particles with no particles touching one another
movement of particles in gases
move around freely and sometimes collide with other particles
How is pressure caused?
It is caused by particles colliding with one another and with the container
When does the pressure in the gas get higher? And why?
The hotter the gas the quicker the particles are. They collide more often and more energetic increasing the pressure
liquid to Gas
evaporation
Gas to liquid
condensation
solid to liquid
melting
liquid to solid
freezing/ solidification
Gas to solid
sublimation/ distillation
melting point
solid to liquid
boiling point
liquid to gas
melting definition
heating a solid the particles gain energy and vibrate more vigorously. The forces of attraction are weakened and the solid melts.
Boiling definition
Heating a liquid the particles gain energy and move around faster. The forces of attraction between the particles are overcome and the liquid boils.
evaporation definition
Is caused by a few particles on the surface having lots of energy and moving fast enough to completely overcome the interlocular forces and form a gas.
limitations of the particle theory
- no forces between the particles
- the particles are spheres
- solid spheres but particles are not solid
definition of a pure substance
a single element/ compound that is not mixed with any other substances
definition of mixture
mix between two or more substances that are not chemically joined together
definition of compound
substances that are chemically joined together
what is a formulation?
A mixture that was made for a particular purpose
definition of filtration
separating an insoluble from a liquid
definition of crystallization
obtaining a solute from a solvent
what happens if the chromatography experiment shows only one spot
it is a pure substance
Rf value =
distance moved by spot/ distance moved by solvent
