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Nuclear Medicine > Part V > Flashcards

Part V Flashcards

1
Q

fissionable material usually in the core of NR:

A

Natural Uranium 235; U-238

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2
Q

NF of U235

A

spontaneous NF (7x10^8), splitting into two0 lighter nuclear fragments and emit 2 or 3 neutrons in the process

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3
Q

3 components of NR

A

fuel cells
moderator
control rods

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4
Q

contain fissionable material are surrounded by a moderator material

A

Fuel Cells

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5
Q

purpose is to slow down rather energetic fission neutrons

A

moderator

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6
Q

more efficient initiators of additional fission events

A

slow neutrons (aka thermal neutrons)

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7
Q

commonly used moderator

A

“heavy water”, (containing deuterium) and Graphite

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8
Q

positioned to either expose or shield the fuel cells from one another - ABSORB EXCESS NEUTRONS

A

control rods

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9
Q

composition of control rods and reason

A

Cadmium or Boron - strong neutron absorbers but do not undergo nuclear fission themselves

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10
Q

“Runaway” Reaction & possible meltdown of reactor core

A

if control rods were removed, each fission event would stimulate more that one additional nuclear fission

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11
Q

NR produced RN charac:

A

-neutrons are + = beta emission
-(n, g) reaction - not carrier free
-small target of nuclei activated = v. low specific a.

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12
Q

used to accelerate electrically charged subnuclear particles such as PROTONS, DEUTRONS, TRITONS and ALPHA p. to v. high energies

A

charged particle accelerators

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13
Q

Some NR RNs:

A

N14 (n,p) C14
Na23 (n,g) Na24
P31 (n,g) P32

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14
Q

Cyclotron Process

A
  1. has semi-circular Dees
  2. Ion source - middle (p) accelerated to v. high energy
  3. electric shield on ends of middle to contain ef
  4. circular motion bc of mf
  5. p gain energy every time it cross the gap
    6.accelerated p hits target creating neutron and desired daughter RN
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15
Q

Cylotron produced RN charac:

A
    • charge added to nucleus = EC & beta + emission
  • added + charge change Z = carrier free products
  • smaller quantities
    -expensive
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16
Q

consists of p-d rn contained in an apparatus that permits separation or extraction of d from p

A

RN Generator

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17
Q

most important generator

A

Mo-99 -Tc 99m

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18
Q

y rad emitted by Tc 99 favorable by anger camera

A

140 keV

19
Q

Mo 99 column, eluant

A

alumina column, 5-25 ml normal saline

20
Q

available Tc99m extracted in a single elution

A

75-85%

21
Q

causes radioactivity

A

imbalance no. of N and Z - Natural RN
excitation due to bombardment of particles - Artificial RN

22
Q

R. material experience an exponential decay
-DR is the no. of disintegrations occurring each sec

A

Activity

23
Q

typical Act values in NM

A

0.1-30 mCi = dx
up to 300 mCI = therapy

24
Q

total no. or nuclear transformations in an organ or tissue
-values are often diff. for healthy and pts with disease

A

cumulative activity

25
Q

cumulative activity of Tc99m

A

5.2 x 10 ^6 Ci/g

26
Q

time taken for no. of radioactive atoms to decay by half

A

half life

27
Q

most important h

A

effective half life

28
Q

EFH depends on the:

A

RP
Organ Involved
Patient Variations
Health State of Organ

29
Q

Preferred rn gamma energy released

A

50-300 keV

30
Q

reason for 50-300 keV

A

high enuf to exit the pt but low enuf to be collimated and measured

31
Q

reason for mono-energetic y rays

A

range of PHA is based on energy emitted by RN

32
Q

produce y rad via EC

A

it will happen if nucleus is still unstable even if it has already captured e

33
Q

cyclotron rns are [..] and thus, decay by [..] or [..]

A

neutron poor
b+
EC

34
Q

neutrons bombard unstable target nuclei

A

NF

35
Q

neutrons bombard stable target nuclei

A

NA

36
Q

production of Tc99m

A
  1. NF - 235 U -> Mo
  2. Mo in compound (ammonium molybdenate) loaded to column = inorganic alumina resin
  3. Adsorption -Mo attaches to alumina molec
    ;Mo bond with alumina, Tc does not
  4. Elution - 99 Mo decays to 99m Tc; eluant -isotonic saline (flush generator - separate d)
  5. Mo 99 not soluble to saline, Tc99m soluble-extracted
  6. Eluted once daily for 1 wk then replaced; Mo -66 hrs
37
Q

technique mainly used for separation of p-d rn

A

chemical technique - Column Chromatography

38
Q

types of generators

A

dry types
wet type

39
Q

other name for dry type

A

manufacturer’s method/type

40
Q

separate container of saline solution that is changed every time a new elution will be made. manual inject saline solution

A

dry type

41
Q

it has a built-in container with enough volume of saline solution for all elutions

A

wet type

42
Q

activity of d at elution depends on the:

A
  1. act of parent
  2. rate of formation of d = to rate of decay of p
  3. time since last elution
  4. elution efficiency (80 to 90%)
43
Q

Ibritumomab tiuxetan (zevalin) / (bexxar) therapy

A

non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

Nuclear Medicine (11 decks)

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