PART III

Question 1

Beta minus decay

Answer 1

Criteria: too much neutron
Atomic no. Increase by 1

Neutron changes to proton

Question 2

Electron capture

Answer 2

Criteria: too much proton
Atomic no decrease by 1

Process:
1. Nucleus captures an electron from k shell and turned from proton to neutron
2. An electron from the next orbit fill the void
3. Characteristic radiation is emitted
4. Extra energies shoot out from the outermost orbit called auger radiation

Question 3

Positron emission

Answer 3

Criteria: too much proton
Atomic no decrease by 1

Process:
1. Nucleus emits positron (anti electron, positively charged electron)
2. Effect will convert proton to neutron to stabilize the radioisotope
3. The emitted positron will travel and short distance and meet with an electron
4. The proton and electron annihilate each other
5, annihilation will result to 0.511 MeV energy emission to 180 degrees opposite direction

Question 4

Alpha decay

Answer 4

Criteria: too much energy
Atomic number decrease by 2
Mass no decrease by 4

Question 5

Decay of meta stable state nucleus by the emission of gamma rays

Answer 5

Isometric transition

Question 6

Unstable, have a long life times before transforming into another state

Answer 6

Metastable state

Question 7

Internal conversion process

Answer 7

1. Nucleus decoys by transferring energy to an electron in inner shell
2. Orbital electron is ejected instead of gamma ray - “conversion electron”
3. Emission of characteristic and auger radiation results in emission of electrons

Question 8

Decay by fission process

Answer 8

1. Unstable atom
2. Make it more unstable by bombarding it with neutron
3. Unstable atom splits by emitting stable atom
4. Result to 3 neutrons