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Oak Hall Classics > Part One Extras—Roman Civilization > Flashcards

Part One Extras—Roman Civilization Flashcards

1
Q

When did the monarchy begin?

A

April 21, 753 BC

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2
Q

When did the monarchy end?

A

510 BC

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3
Q

How many Roman kings were there?

A

seven

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4
Q

Who was the first king of Rome?

A

Romulus

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5
Q

Who was the father of Romulus

A

Mars

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6
Q

Who was the mother of Romulus

A

Rhea Silvia

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7
Q

Who was the brother of Romulus?

A

Remus

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8
Q

Who were Romulus and Remus raised by?

A

Faustulus the shepard

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9
Q

Who was the wife of Faustulus?

A

Acca Laurentia

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10
Q

Who was the grandfather of Romulus?

A

Numitor

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11
Q

Where did Romulus go to help his grandfather get his throne back?

A

Alba Longa

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12
Q

Who took the throne from Numitor?

A

Amulius

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13
Q

On which hill did Romulus build a city?

A

Palatine

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14
Q

On which hill did Remus build a city?

A

Aventine

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15
Q

Who was Romulus’s wife?

A

Hersilia

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16
Q

Who did Romulus co-rule with?

A

Titus Tatius

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17
Q

Where was Titus Tatius from?

A

Sabinia

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18
Q

What was Romulus called after death?

A

Quirinus

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19
Q

Who was the second king of Rome?

A

Numa Pompilius

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20
Q

Which king invented the calendar?

A

Numa Pompilius

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21
Q

Which king established religion?

A

Numa Pompilius

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22
Q

Who was the consort of Numa Pompilius?

A

Egeria

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23
Q

What was unique about Egeria?

A

a nymph

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24
Q

Who was the third king of Rome?

A

Tullus Hostilius

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25
Q

What city did Tullus Hostilius destroy?

A

Alba Longa

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26
Q

Who was the king of Alba Longa when it was destroyed?

A

Mettius Fufetius

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27
Q

What two sets of triplets fought during the reign of Tullus Hostilius?

A

The Roman Horatii triplets and the Alban Curiatii triplets

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28
Q

Which king built the Curia?

A

Tullus Hostilius

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29
Q

Who was the fourth king of Rome?

A

Ancus Marcius

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30
Q

Which king was said to have build the Pons Sublicius?

A

Ancus Marcius

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31
Q

What was the first bridge across the Tiber river?

A

Pons Sublicius

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32
Q

Who was the fifth king of Rome?

A

Tarquinius Priscus

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33
Q

What does “Priscus” mean in Tarquinius Priscus’s name?

A

The Elder

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34
Q

Who was the wife of Tarquinius Priscus?

A

Tanaquil

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35
Q

Which king is said to have drained the Forum and begun work on the Circus Maximus?

A

Tarquinius Priscus

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36
Q

Who was the sixth king of Rome?

A

Servius Tullius

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37
Q

Which king was supposedly born a slave?

A

Servius Tullius

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38
Q

Which king built the Servian wall?

A

Servius Tullius

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39
Q

Who killed Servius Tullius?

A

his daughter Tullia and Superbus, her husband

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40
Q

Who was the seventh king of Rome?

A

Tarquinius Superbus

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41
Q

Which king of Rome was also known as, “The Proud”?

A

Tarquinius Superbus

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42
Q

Which king of Rome built the Cloaca Maxima?

A

Tarquinius Superbus

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43
Q

When did the Republic begin?

A

509 BC

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44
Q

When did the Republic end?

A

27 BC

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45
Q

Who were the first two consuls of the republic?

A

Lucius Junius Brutus and Collatinus

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46
Q

What is the name of Collatinus’s wife who was raped by Tarquinius’s son, told the consuls, and then killed herself?

A

Lucretia

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47
Q

With whom did Tarquinius Superbus seek help after beign chased out of Rome?

A

The Etruscans

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48
Q

What is the name of the Etruscan king who fought the Romans in the early republic?

A

Lars Porsenna

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49
Q

What was the capital city of Etruria during the early republic?

A

Clusium

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50
Q

What man fought Etruscans at Sublician Bridge (Pons Sublicius)?

A

Horatius Cocles

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51
Q

What was Horatius Cocles also known as?

A

One-Eyed

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52
Q

What man tried to kill Porsenna, was captured, then thrust his right arm into a fire to prove his bravery, and was released because of this?

A

Gaius Mucius Scaevola

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53
Q

What nickname was given to Gaius Mucius Scaevola?

A

Lefty

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54
Q

What Roman girl held by Porsenna swam the Tiber to get back to Rome?

A

Cloelia

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55
Q

Who defeated the Volscian city of Corioli, was exiled from Rome, and then attacked Rome,but was only stopped by the pleas of his mother and wife?

A

Coriolanus

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56
Q

Who was the wife of Coriolanus?

A

Volumnia

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57
Q

Who was the mother of Coriolanus?

A

Veturia

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58
Q

Who was dictator in 458 BC?

A

Cincinnatus

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59
Q

For how many days was Cincinnatus dictator?

A

16

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60
Q

Who and where did Cincinnatus fight?

A

Aequi at Mount Algidus

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61
Q

What was the name of the laws codified by the decemviri?

A

12 Tables

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62
Q

Between what years were the 12 Tables written?

A

451 BC - 450 BC

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63
Q

Who led the decemviri?

A

Appius Claudius

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64
Q

Who defeated the Veii, was later exiled, then finally,when he helped rid Rome of Gauls, was called pater patriae?

A

Camillus

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65
Q

What major event occurred in 390 BC?

A

Gauls beat Rome at Allia River

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66
Q

Who was the Gallic chief at Allia River in 390 BC?

A

Brennus

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67
Q

What famous quote did Brennus say, and what does it translate to in English?

A

Vae Victis - “Woe to the conquered”

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68
Q

Name two notable Roman defeats during the 2nd Samnite War, and give the years they occurred.

A

Caudine Forks (321 BC) and Lautulae (315 BC)

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69
Q

What occurred in 312 BC?

A

Appius Claudius Caecus built the Appian Way and Aqua Appia

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70
Q

What was significant about Appius Claudius Caecus?

A

he was blind

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71
Q

What man in an act of devotion charged between his cavalry and the Gauls to his death?

A

Decius Mus

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72
Q

At what battle during what year did Decius Mus fight?

A

Battle of Sentinum in 295 BC

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73
Q

What man was the first to fight Rome with elephants?

A

Pyrrhus

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74
Q

Where was Pyrrhus king of?

A

Epirus (Greece)

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75
Q

What battle took place in 280 BC?

A

Heraclea

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76
Q

What Pyrrhic victory took place in 279 BC?

A

Asculum

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77
Q

What battle took place in 275 BC?

A

Beneventum

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78
Q

Who was the unbribable Roman ambassador who Pyrrhus attempted to bribe?

A

Fabricius

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79
Q

When did the First Punic War begin?

A

264 BC

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80
Q

What were Rome and Carthage fighting over?

A

Messana(Sicily)

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81
Q

What was the first battle of the First Punic War?

A

Battle of Agrigentum

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82
Q

When was the Battle of Agrigentum?

A

262 BC

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83
Q

What type of battle was the Battle of Agrigentum?

A

land battle

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84
Q

What occurred between 261 and 260 BC

A

Rome builds naval fleet

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85
Q

When was the Battle of Mylae?

A

260 BC

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86
Q

What was Rome’s first naval victory?

A

Mylae

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87
Q

What type of battle was the Battle of Mylae?

A

naval

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88
Q

What battle occurred in 256 BC?

A

Ecnomus

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89
Q

What kind of battle was Ecnomus?

A

naval victory

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90
Q

Who was admiral during the Battle of Mylae?

A

Dulius

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91
Q

Besides a battle, what occurred in 256 BC?

A

Regulus lands in Africa

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92
Q

When was the defeat of Regulus’s army?

A

255 BC

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93
Q

What does Rome Capture in 254 BC?

A

Panormus

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94
Q

What occurred in 250 BC?

A

Romans win at Panormus; siege of Lilybaeum

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95
Q

When did the First Punic War end?

A

241 BC

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96
Q

Who’s defeat occurred in 249 BC?

A

Claudius’s

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97
Q

Where was the naval defeat in 249 BC located?

A

Drepanum

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98
Q

What bad omen foresaw the naval defeat in 249 BC?

A

Claudius throws sacred chickens overboard

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99
Q

What occurred in 247 BC?

A

Hamilcar Barca starts Carthaginian offensive in western Sicily

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100
Q

What battle occurred in 241 BC?

A

Aegates Island(Roman naval victory)

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101
Q

What was Rome’s first province?

A

Sicily

102
Q

What was Rome’s second province?

A

Corsica and Sardinia

103
Q

What occurred in 237 BC?

A

Hamilcar to Spain

104
Q

What occurred in 230 BC?

A

Hasdrubal succeeds Hamilcar in Spain

105
Q

What occurred in 221 BC?

A

Hannibal succeeds Hasdrubal

106
Q

What occurred in 219 BC?

A

Hannibal besieges Saguntum

107
Q

When does the Second Punic War begin?

A

218 BC

108
Q

When does the Second Punic War end?

A

201 BC

109
Q

What battles occur in 218 BC?

A

Ticinus River and Trebia River(Rome loses both)

110
Q

When was the Battle of Lake Trasimene?

A

217 BC

111
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Lake Trasimene?

A

Rome lost(compensated with a victory in a naval battle off the Ebro river)

112
Q

What was the worst Roman defeat up until that point?

A

Battle of Canae

113
Q

When was the Battle of Canae?

A

216 BC

114
Q

Which consuls died at the Battle of Canae?

A

Varro and Paulus(Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator is made dictator)

115
Q

What occurred in 211 BC?

A

Hannibal’s March on Rome and the defeat of the Scipios in Spain

116
Q

What occurred in 209 BC?

A

Capture of New Carthage

117
Q

What occurred in 208 BC?

A

Battle of Baecula

118
Q

When was Hasdrubal defeated?

A

207 BC

119
Q

Where was Hasdrubal defeated?

A

Metaurus River

120
Q

What occurred in 206 BC

A

Battle of Ilipa

121
Q

What occurred in 204 BC?

A

Scipio lands in Africa

122
Q

When was the Battle of the Great Plains?

A

203 BC

123
Q

Who beats who in the Battle of the Great Plains?

A

Scipio beats Syphax

124
Q

Besides the Battle of the Great Plains, what occurred in 203 BC?

A

Hannibal recalled to Carthage

125
Q

When was the Battle of Zama?

A

202 BC

126
Q

Who beats who at the Battle of Zama?

A

Scipio beats Hannibal

127
Q

What occurred in 201 BC?

A

peace treaty

128
Q

What was the last battle of the Second Punic War?

A

Zama

129
Q

When did the Third Punic War begin?

A

149 BC

130
Q

Which most amazing person said what in 149 BC?

A

Cato the Elder said, “Carthago delenda est” - Carthage must be destroyed

131
Q

When was Carthage captured?

A

147 BC

132
Q

Who captured Carthage?

A

Scipio Aemilianus

133
Q

When was Carthage destroyed?

A

146 BC

134
Q

What battle took place in 168 BC?

A

Battle of Pydna

135
Q

Who beat who at the battle of Pydna?

A

Roman Aemilius Paulus defeats Perseus of Macedon

136
Q

Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?

A

King Attalus III

137
Q

What did King Attalus III bequeath to Rome?

A

Pergamum

138
Q

What year did King Attalus III Pergamum to Rome?

A

133 BC

139
Q

Who became tribune in 133 BC?

A

Tiberius Gracchus

140
Q

Who became tribune in 121 BC

A

Gaius Gracchus

141
Q

Who is the mother of the Gracchi Brothers?

A

Cornelia

142
Q

What legislation did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to pass?

A

Agrarian (land) reform

143
Q

What did the Gracchi Brothers’ mother call her sons?

A

her gems (gemmae)

144
Q

The Gracchi brothers are the grandsons of which famous Roman?

A

Scipio Africanus

145
Q

How many times did Marius serve as consul?

A

seven

146
Q

Who did Marius defeat at Aqua Sexitae?

A

Teutones

147
Q

Who did Marius defeat at Vercellae?

A

Cimbri

148
Q

When and where did Marius fight the Teutones?

A

Aqua Sextiae in 102 BC

149
Q

When and where did Marius fight the Cimbri?

A

Vercellae in 101 BC

150
Q

Who were the two leaders during the Civil War?

A

Marius vs. Sulla

151
Q

Who did Sulla fight for during the Civil War?

A

optimates

152
Q

Who did Marius fight for during the Civil War?

A

populares

153
Q

Between what years was Sulla dictator?

A

81 BC - 79 BC

154
Q

When was the famous slave revolt?

A

73 BC - 71 BC

155
Q

Who lead the famous slave revolt?

A

Spartacus

156
Q

Who defeated Spartacus’ slave revolt?

A

Crassus (with a little help from Pompey)

157
Q

Who were consuls in 70 BC?

A

Crassus and Pompey

158
Q

What law was written in 67 BC?

A

Lex Gabinia

159
Q

What did the Lex Gabinia do?

A

gave Pompey command over pirates in the Mediterranean

160
Q

What law was written in 66 BC?

A

Lex Manilia

161
Q

What did the Lex Manilia do?

A

gave Pompey command against Mithridates

162
Q

Where was Mithridates king?

A

Pontus

163
Q

Name the five major events that happened in 63 BC.

A

1) Octavian born; 2) Julius Caesar becomes Pontifex Maximus; 3) Cicero consul (with Antonius Hybrida); 4) conspiracy of Catiline; 5) Mithridates dies

164
Q

When did the first triumvirate begin and who was in it?

A

60 BC with Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar

165
Q

When was the second consulship of Crassus and Pompey?

A

55 BC

166
Q

Who was consul in 52 BC?

A

Pompey sole consul

167
Q

What event occurred in 52 BC?

A

Clodius is killed by Milo’s followers

168
Q

What law was established in 43 BC?

A

Lex Titia

169
Q

What did the Lex Titia do?

A

made the second triumvirate legal

170
Q

Who were in the second triumvirate?

A

Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus

171
Q

When was the battle of Actium?

A

31 BC

172
Q

Who fought during the battle of Actium?

A

Octavian and Agrippa vs. Antony and Cleopatra

173
Q

What was the aftermath of the battle of Actium?

A

Octavian wins. Octavian has only army in the Mediterranean

174
Q

When was Caesar born?

A

July 12, 100 BC

175
Q

What year was Caesar elected Pontifex Maximus?

A

63 BC

176
Q

When did the first triumvirate begin?

A

60 BC

177
Q

Who was in the first triumvirate?

A

Caesar, Crassus, and Pomey

178
Q

When was Caesar’s first consulship?

A

59 BC

179
Q

Who was the other consul in Caesar’s first consulship?

A

Bibilus

180
Q

When was Caesar in Gaul and Britain?

A

58-50 BC

181
Q

When was the Battle of Gergovia?

A

52 BC

182
Q

Who was the Gaul’s chieftain during the Battle of Gergovia?

A

Vercingetorix

183
Q

Who won the battle of Gergovia?

A

Vercingetorix

184
Q

When was the Battle of Alesia?

A

52 BC

185
Q

Who does Caesar defeat at the Battle of Alesia?

A

Vercingetorix

186
Q

When did Caesar famously cross the Rubicon River?

A

49 BC

187
Q

What did Caesar say while he famously crossed the Rubicon River, and what does it mean?

A

Alea iacta est - the die is cast

188
Q

When was Caesar’s first dictatorship?

A

49 BC

189
Q

When was Caesar’s second consulship?

A

48 BC

190
Q

When was Caesar defeated by Pompey?

A

48 BC

191
Q

Where was Caesar defeated by Pompey?

A

Dyrrhachium

192
Q

Where does Caesar defeat Pompey?

A

Pharsalus

193
Q

When does Caesar defeat Pompey?

A

48 BC

194
Q

Where does Pompey flee to after being defeated?

A

Egypt, where Pompey is killed by Egyptians

195
Q

When was the Battle of Zela?

A

47 BC

196
Q

What occurred at the Battle of Zela?

A

Caesar beat king Pharnaces

197
Q

What famous line came from the Battle of Zela?

A

veni, vidi, vici

198
Q

What occurred in 46 BC?

A

Caesar was made dictator for ten years and Caesar won the Battle of Thapsus

199
Q

What occurred in 45 BC?

A

Caesar defeats the sons of Pompey at Munda(Spain)

200
Q

When was Caesar made dictator for life?

A

44 BC

201
Q

When was Caesar killed?

A

March 15, 44 BC(Ides of March)

202
Q

Who killed Caesar?

A

senators led by Brutus and Cassius

203
Q

When was the second triumvirate?

A

43 BC

204
Q

What law made the second triumvirate legal?

A

Lex Titia

205
Q

Who were the members of the second triumvirate?

A

Marc Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus

206
Q

What occurred in 42 BC?

A

Antony and Octavian defeat Cassius and Brutus at Philippi

207
Q

On what day does the Empire begin?

A

January 16, 27 BC

208
Q

What event begins the Empire?

A

Octavian returns power to the Senate, they name him Augustus

209
Q

What provinces was Augustus given when he began?

A

Egypt, Gaul, and Syria

210
Q

What was the first set of emperors called?

A

Julio-Claudian Emperors

211
Q

Who was the first emperor of the Julio-Claudians?

A

Augustus

212
Q

Who was the second emperor of the Julio-Claudians?

A

Tiberius

213
Q

Who was the third emperor of the Julio-Claudians?

A

Caligula

214
Q

Who was the fourth emperor of the Julio-Claudians?

A

Claudius

215
Q

Who was the fifth emperor of the Julio-Claudians?

A

Nero

216
Q

When did Augustus’ reign begin and end?

A

27 BC - AD 14

217
Q

When did Tiberius’ reign begin and end?

A

AD 14 - AD 37

218
Q

When did Caligula’s reign begin and end?

A

AD 37 - 41

219
Q

When did Claudius’ reign begin and end?

A

AD 41 - 54

220
Q

When did Nero’s reign begin and end?

A

AD 54 - 68

221
Q

Name two of Augustus’ wives?

A

Scribonia and Livia

222
Q

Who was the daughter of Scribonia and Augustus?

A

Julia

223
Q

What phrase is used to depict how Augustus ruled?

A

Found Rome brick and left it marble

224
Q

What was the aftermath of the battle that took place in AD 9?

A

Varus loses 3 legions in Germany

225
Q

What battle took place in AD 9?

A

Teutoburg Forest

226
Q

Who did the Romans have to face at Teutoburg Forest?

A

Arminius

227
Q

What was the other name for Arminius?

A

Herman the German

228
Q

Who Tiberius the son of?

A

Livia

229
Q

Who did Tiberius marry?

A

Augustus’ daughter Julia

230
Q

Who was Tiberius the uncle of?

A

Germanicus

231
Q

Where was Tiberius in exile first to?

A

Rhodes

232
Q

Where did Tiberius retire later in life?

A

Capri

233
Q

What does the name “Caligula” mean?

A

little boots

234
Q

Who is Caligula’s father?

A

Germanicus

235
Q

How was Caligula killed?

A

Praetorian Guard

236
Q

Who was Claudius’ brother?

A

Germanicus

237
Q

How were Claudius and Caligula related?

A

Claudius was Caligula’s uncle

238
Q

What “defects” did Claudius have?

A

a limp and a tic and pretended to be stupid

239
Q

How did Claudius obtain the status of emperor?

A

the Praetorian Guard chose him

240
Q

Name two women that Claudius married.

A

Messalina and Agrippina the Younger (Claudius’ niece)

241
Q

Who did Claudius father with Messalina?

A

Brittanicus and Octavia

242
Q

Who was the child of Agrippina the Younger?

A

Nero

243
Q

What was Nero’s real name?

A

Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus

244
Q

How was Nero related to Claudius?

A

Nero was the step son of Claudius

245
Q

Who did Nero marry?

A

Claudius’ daughter Octavia

246
Q

At what age was Nero made emperor?

A

around 16

247
Q

Who were Nero’s tutors?

A

Seneca (stoic philosopher) and Burrus (military man)

248
Q

What event occurred in AD 64?

A

The great fire

249
Q

Who did Nero blame for the great fire?

A

Christians

250
Q

What did the great fire enable Nero to do?

A

build the domus aurea (house of gold)

251
Q

Who led the revolt in Britain during Nero’s reign?

A

Queen Boudicca

252
Q

How did Nero die?

A

He committed suicide

Oak Hall Classics (100 decks)

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