Part 91 Flashcards
Fuelling of aircraft requirements (3)
fuelling or defuelling of the aircraft is performed in compliance
with the applicable requirements of the regulations made under
the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996;
the aircraft is not refuelled or defuelled with Class 3.1A
flammable liquid when a person is embarking, on board, or
disembarking the aircraft, or when one or more of the propulsion
engines are running;
the aircraft is not refuelled or defuelled with a Class 3.1C or a
Class 3.1D flammable liquid when a person is embarking, on
board, or disembarking the aircraft.
Aircraft airworthiness rules
person mustn’t operate an aircraft unless the aircraft has a current airworthiness certificate. and is in an airworthy condition. OR
The aircraft is operated in accordance with a special flight permit
issued in accordance with Part 21.
A person may operate an aircraft that does not have a current
airworthiness certificate (4)
for the purpose of demonstrating the eligibility of
the aircraft for the issue, renewal, or reinstatement of an airworthiness
certificate if—
a type certificate or type acceptance certificate for the aircraft type
is in force in accordance with Subpart B of Part 21
The aircraft complies with the requirements prescribed in that part
a person meeting an applicable requirement in rule 43.101(a)(1)
to (5) certifies that the aircraft is fit for flight
no passengers are carried. unless is essential for the operation
what is part 21?
certification of products and parts
restricted category airworthiness certificate operating limitations.
No person shall operate an aircraft issues with a restricted certificate for flight instruction other than
conversion instruction for a type rating or
flight instruction for the issue of an agricultural rating or
flight instruction for the specific operational purpose for which
the aircraft is certificated.
Special category airworthiness certificates – operating
limitations (5)
a person must not operate an aircraft that has a special category airworthiness certificate for the carriage
of a person or goods for hire or reward.
unless if the carriage of a person for hire or reward and the person being carried holds a flight instructor rating and is giving flight instruction or type conversion or the person being carried is performing an essential function to the operation of the aircraft.
OR the aircraft has a special category – primary, special category –
LSA, or special category – limited airworthiness certificate and is operated under the authority of an adventure aviation operator certificate
must not operate over congested areas except T/O and LDG unless authorized by director.
Must inform each person carried of the warning specified in the placard required to be installed in the plane.
experimental airworthiness certificate limitations (4)
must not operate unless
- researching and developing new aircraft design concepts, new
aircraft equipment, new aircraft installations, new aircraft
operating techniques, or new uses for aircraft; or
(2) showing that the aircraft complies with applicable airworthiness
rules; or
(3) performing a flight evaluation; or
(4) giving conversion instruction for an aircraft type rating on the
aircraft.
exhibition airworthiness certificate limitations (4)
must not operate the aircraft for the following purposes:
giving flight instruction to a person for the issue of a pilot
licence or rating, except for conversion instruction for an
aircraft type rating on the aircraft, unless approved by the
Director
or
performing agricultural ops
or
the carriage of a person other than a person who is
permitted to be carried
or
performing a helicopter external load operation unless the performance of an external load operation
is approved by the Director for participation in an aviation event:
Amateur built airworthiness certificate
Must not operate for:
Giving flight instruction except for conversion instruction for type rating
Agricultural ops
Helicopter external load ops unless approved by director for an aviation event
Special category - primary airworthiness certificate limitations
Must not operate for:
Performing agricultural aircraft ops
Performing a helicopter external load
LSA special category limitations
Must not operate to perform an agricultural aircraft operation.
Must not operate limited airworthiness certificate aircraft for the following purposes
Giving flight instruction except conversion for type rating
Agricultural ops
Helicopter sling external load operation
Carriage of more than 10 persons for aeroplane, 5 for heli.
How long must you retain DFR’s for?
12 months after date of the flight
Aircraft taxiing rules
No person except a flight crew member shall taxi on a movement area unless authorised by the operator/maintenance organisation and is:
Competent to taxi, competent to use radio and is familiar with the aerodrome layout and procedures to ground movements.
Flight instruction rules.
Can’t give flight instruction unless aircraft is equipped with:
- Fully functioning dual controls or
- Pitch, roll, yaw and engine power controls which can be operated at either crew station.
No person may operate an aircraft in simulated instrument flight unless:
Aircraft has two pilot stations and one pilot station is occupied by a safety pilot who holds a current license.
Aircraft is equipped with fully functionally dual controls or pitch, roll, yaw engine power controls that can be operated from each pilot station.
And safety pilot has adequate vision forward and around or a competent observer to adequately supplement the vision of the safety pilot.
A person may operated an aircraft in simulated IF that doesn’t have fully functionally dual controls if:
The flight is outside controlled airspace and the means of simulating IF can be rapidly removed by PIC.
No person may operate an aircraft an an aerodrome unless:
(4 things)
- Person complies with limitations and conditions on the use of the aerodrome notified by the operator
- runway is equipped with lighting appropriate to the AC for T/O and LDG at night and lighting is activated.
- person manoeuvres aircraft clear of any manoeuvring area or part of it thats been marked as unsafe.
- runway is clear of all persons, animals, vehicles or other obstructions during landing or takeoff unless essential to the operation.
91.127 Use of aerodromes (c)
No pilot may operate an aircraft in a circuit unless the aircraft can be manoeuvred
Clear of any obstructions and
Without conflicting with the circuit or instrument approach procedure.
Restricted and dangerous areas (91.129)
Pilot must not operate an aircraft within a restricted area unless pilot:
- Has approval of administering authority responsible for restricted area to operate within that area
- Complies with conditions for operation within the restricted area
- Complies with any condition imposed by the administering authority for operation within the restricted area.
DANGER AREA
Must not operate an aircraft within a danger area unless pilot has determined that the activity associated in the DA won’t affect safety of the aircraft.
Low flying zones (91.131) rules (7)
Must not operate an aircraft within a LFZ
- During the night or
- Day unless the pilot receives dual flight instruction or holds an instructor rating or is briefed on the boundaries of the LFZ and method of entry and exit and is authorised for the flight by the holder of an instructor rating.
- Pilot has been briefed by the using agency of the conditions of operations for flight within LFZ
- Pilot complies with conditions of operations for flight within LFZ
- Before entering pilot broadcasts details of flight and duration and maintains a listening watch and broadcasts when vacating.
- Pilot must ensure that aircraft is operated without hazards to persons or property on the surface.
- No pax
91.133 Military operating area rules
Must not operate an aircraft within MOA unless pilot :
Has approval of administering authority responsible for the area
Complies with any conditions for operating within the area
Complies with any conditions imposed by the authority for operation within the area
MBZ Rules 91.135
Must not operate in MBZ unless pilot:
Makes following broadcasts at entry, joining the circuit, before entering a runway for takeoff or at any other time prescribed by the zone. And
Maintains a listening watch and activates landing or anti col if equipped.
MBZ rules without operable radio
May operate within the zone for the purpose of enable it repairs to be made to that radio only if PIC activates if equipped landing lights or anti-col and if practicable, PIC arranges for another person to make the broadcasts on pilots behalf
VHZ rules 91.137
May not operate within VHZ:
during night, IMC
Or
VMC unless during the day pilot determines that after considering all of the following the Volcanic hazard wont affect safety of flight:
SIGMET,
NOTAM
or other info provided for this purpose
GAA rules 91.139
Must not operate an aircraft within GAA
During the night or
During the day unless:
GAA is active permanently or if GAA is made active by ATC responsible for the airspace, approval has been given by ATC and pilot complies with any request from ATC to vacate GAA
OR
GAA is made active by an airspace user to ATC, prior notification has been given to ATC and ATC has confirmed GAA is active.
Authority of PIC 91.203
Each PIC shall give any commands required for the safety of the aircraft, people and property carried on the plane, including disembarking or refusing carriage of any person under the influence or any cargo or person, where they may endanger the aircraft and pax.
VFR met minima Class C,D,E
2km horizontally, 1000’ outside control zone, 500’ within control zone. 8km vis above 10,000’ AMSL.
5km below 10,000’ AMSL.
Safety of aircraft rules (Subpart C)
Pilot of AC must before operating the aircraft:
Be satisfied aircraft is
VFR met minima class F,G
Above 3000’ AMSL 1000’ AGL whichever is higher, 2km horizontally, 1000’ vertical 5km vis
Below “ “, clear of cloud in sight of surface
VFR met minima , controlled aerodrome
1500’ 5km vis
VFR met minima uncontrolled aerodrome
DAY - 600’ , 1500m
NIGHT - 1500’ , 8km
SVFR met minima and requirements
600’ 1500m visibility
two way radio comms with ATC
operation is in compliance with ATC clearance and ATC instructions
during the day
clear of clouds
minimum heights VFR
congested area - 1000’ above surface 600m radius
over any other area
at a height of less then 500AGL or height less then 500’ over any other obstacles, etc of a radius of 150m.
MEL Day VFR (14)
- ASI
- Mach number, if the speed limitation specified in the
- The aircraft flight manual is expressed in terms of Mach number
- Altimeter
- DI/Compass
- Fuel gauge
- RPM Gauge
- Oil pressure indicator of each engine using a pressure lube system
- indicating coolant temperature of each liquid-cooled engine;
- indicating manifold pressure of each supercharged or
turbocharged piston engine, and each piston engine fitted with a
constant speed propeller - indicating cylinder head temperature of each air-cooled piston
engine rated at over 250 brake horsepower - indicating flap position, if flaps are fitted, unless the position of
the flaps can be determined visually by the flight crew member - indicating the correct functioning of electrical power generating
equipment - indicating the presence of carbon monoxide in the cabin if the
aircraft is fitted with an exhaust manifold cabin heater or a
combustion cabin heate
Night VFR met minima
means of indicating rate of turn and slip or a third attitude instrument indicated usable through 360 degrees of pitch and roll and doesn’t need to be equipped with a means of indicating rate of turn
position lights
anti col lights
illumination for each required instrument or indicator.
