part 7

Question 1

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)

Answer 1

= Growth factor for neutrophils
produced by: epithelial cells, fibroblasts and macrophages
production stimulated by inflammatory cytokines
causes stem cells to be able to leave bone marrow

Question 2

thrombopoietin (TPO)

Answer 2

= stimulator of platelet production
produced in liver
supports survival and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells

Question 3

cluster of differentiation

Answer 3

CD markers
are cell surface molecules
differentiate cells

Question 4

chronic myeloid leukemia

Answer 4

= stem cell disorder
philadelphia chromosome (BCR/ABL)
slow progressive
tyrosine kinase inhibitor to treat
chronic phase can become accelerated phase and blast phase
therapy = imatinib or chemo when patient too old

Question 5

acute myeloid leukemia

Answer 5

• problem in differentiation and increase proliferation
• in relatively older ppl
• needs multiple mutations to develop
• multiple clone concept
• characterised by: presence myeloperoxidase
• therapy = chemo

Question 6

AML: class I mutations

Answer 6

give proliferative advantage
rarely combined w/ other class 1 mutations

Question 7

AML: class II mutations

Answer 7

cause differentiation stop

ex: t(8;21) and t(15;17)

Question 8

AgR neg cells

Answer 8

precursor neoplasia (blast-like)

Question 9

AgR pos cells

Answer 9

mature neoplasia (lymphocyte like)

Question 10

leukemic lymphoma

Answer 10

meaning it has circulating cancer cells

Question 11

Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 11

almost always nodal
arises from lymph nodes in head/neck area
therapy: chemo, immunotherapy

Question 12

non-hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 12

can arise from lymph nodes anywhere in body

therapy: chemo or immunotherapy

Question 13

therapy b lymphomas

Answer 13

rituximab + cytotoxic chemo

Question 14

allo stem cell transplant used for:

Answer 14

• genetic disorders of failure of hematopoiesis or lymphopoiesis
• acquired stem cell failure syndromes
• hematological malignancies
  side effect: myelosuppression

Question 15

host v graft disorder

Answer 15

T cells from patient reject new stem cells

Question 16

graft v host disease

Answer 16

T cells in graft from donor react w/various cells in patient

sum of T cell frequencies for minor histocomp. antigens expressed on non-hematopoietic cells.

Question 17

how to prevent graft rejection

Answer 17

• suppress patient T-cells (chemo/radiation)

- remove T-cells (antibodies against T cells)

Question 18

graft v leukemia

Answer 18

mediated by t cells

sum of T cell frequencies for minor histocomp. antigens expressed on leukemic cells

Question 19

tolerance to graft

Answer 19

donor T cells developed in patient consider patients cells (incl. leukemia) as ‘self’, causing relapse

Question 20

minor histocompatibility antigen

Answer 20

= polymorphic peptide that differs in amino acid composition between patient and donor

presented by HLA in healthy leukemic cells
caused by differences in SNPs
minority hematopietic restricted

Question 21

disparity rate

Answer 21

= chance that patient and donor mismatch for minor histocompatibility antigen in the right direction (patient pos, donor neg)