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Fluoro Cram > Part 6: Protection > Flashcards

Part 6: Protection Flashcards

1
Q

ALARA principle assumes what?

A

That there is no threshold of radiation dose necessary to achieve a biological effect

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2
Q

Stochastic effects means the ___ of an effect occurring rather than the ___.

A

probability

severity

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3
Q

Stochastic effects are regarded as a function of ____.

A

radiation dose without a threshold

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4
Q

Nonstochastic effects mean those effects for which the ____ varies with ___.

A

severity

radiation dose

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5
Q

Stochastic or nonstochastic?

carcinogenesis

A

stochastic

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6
Q

Stochastic or nonstochastic?

cataracts

A

Nonstochastic

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7
Q

Stochastic or nonstochastic?

bone marrow depletion

A

Nonstochastic

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8
Q

Stochastic or nonstochastic?

non-malignant skin damage

A

Nonstochastic

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9
Q

Stochastic or nonstochastic?

Somatic effects

A

Stochastic

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10
Q

Any occupationally exposed individual should not receive a dose more than ___ rem in one calendar year.

A

5 rems

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11
Q

What is the source of the chief radiation exposure to the operator?

A

Scatter radiation from the pt

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12
Q

X-ray tube current and ABC should be monitored how often?

A

once per week

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13
Q

What % reduction in scatter radiation exposure does the 0.5mm lead equivalent apron achieve?

A

99.9%

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14
Q

Protective gloves of ___ and ___mm lead equivalent are available and must be worn whenever the hand is directly under the x-ray beam.

A

0.25mm

0.5mm

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15
Q

Protective curtain (overlapping protective drapes) of at least ___mm lead equivalent should be positioned between the ___ and the ___.

A

0.25mm

patient

fluoroscopist

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16
Q

Mobile screen desks usually come in what increments of mm lead equivalent?

A

1.0mm and 2.0mm

17
Q

What are the 2 types of acceptable personnel radiation monitoring devices?

A

Film badge
Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)

18
Q

In addition to the film badge or TLD, what other monitoring devices can be worn?

A

pocket chamber or dosimeter

audible warning device

19
Q

What is the primary purpose of the filter in the film badge?

A

to permit dose measurements over a wide range of energies

20
Q

FIlms used for film badge dosimeter are sensitive to exposure equivalent to doses as low as ___ and as high as ___.

A

10 milirad

700 rads

21
Q

1 rem of x-rays is approximately equivalent to ___ rad.

A

1

22
Q

What is the most common material used in the TLDs?

A

lithium fluoride

in solid chip form

23
Q

What are TLDs sensitive to?

A

light

(have to be stored sealed)

24
Q

How do TLDs work?

A
  1. ionizing radiation interacts with lithium fluoride crystals
  2. crystals raised to higher energy states of excitation, become trapped
  3. crystals heated in measuring device and light is emitted proportional to radiation absorbed and measured
25
Q

Which are more accurate: TLDs or film badges?

A

TLDs

26
Q

Main disadvantages to TLDs

A

Can only read exposure once, thus not a permanent record

they’re $$$

27
Q

What is a small pencil sized instrument that discharges a capacitor by ionization of air within the chamber when in the presence of ionizing radiation?

A

Pocket ionization chamber

28
Q

What are the two types of pocket ionization chambers used for personnel monitoring?

A

self-reading

special-device-reading

29
Q

Some disadvantages to pocket ionization chamber monitoring?

A

no permanent record
calibrate periodically
sensitive to mechanical shock
subjective reading
limited dose range
possible loss of info if exposed over its maximum

30
Q

Should a pocket ionization chamber be used alone?

A

NO

only with film badge or TLD

31
Q

Benefit of wearing an audible warning device in addition to a TLD or film badge

A

you can have immediate dose feedback (others take a couple weeks to read and get results back)

32
Q

Where can you wear an audible warning dose-rate meter?

A

clipped to garment or belt

placed in a pocket

33
Q

When wearing a lead apron, where should the monitoring device be placed?

A

one the collar on the outside of the protective apron

34
Q

Annual dose limits for:

whole body
skin and extremities
lens of eye

A

5 rem or 0.05 Sv

50 rem or 0.5 Sv

15 rem or 0.15 Sv

35
Q

Convert 50 rem to Sv

A

0.5 Sv

36
Q

TLDs and film badges are usually changed how often?

A

monthly

Fluoro Cram (8 decks)

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