Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fluoro Cram > Part 5: Pediatric and bio effects > Flashcards

Part 5: Pediatric and bio effects Flashcards

1
Q

For kids, you must collimate ___ only and not ___.

A

Area of interest only

NOT the entire image intensifier field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

___mm film is usually used for peds cine film (esp cardiac exams)

A

35mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

For peds, do you generally want to include or omit grids?

A

Omit

(they increase pt radiation dose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Those in the room exposed to x-rays are recommended to wear a protective apron of ___mm lead equivalent, and are required to be at least ___mm.

A

0.5mm

0.25mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 classes of biological effects of radiation exposure

A

Somatic

Genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examples of somatic effects of radiation exposure

A

injury to superficial tissues

induction of cancer

injury to fetus/embryo

cataract formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In diagnostic radiology,is the dose measurement at a single anatomical point expressive of the total somatic effect?

A

No

Bc one anatomical area was targeted only, others spared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which type of cell is most affected by bone marrow exposure to radiation?

A

lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which studies give the higher bone marrow doses?

A

barium enema

upper GI series

abdominal angio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are genetic dose effects from radiation exposure?

A

Those seen in future offspring of the persons who have been irradiated

***does NOT refer to embryo/fetus that received direct irradiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the BEIR report?

A

Discusses effects of radiation on the gonads of males and females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acute radiation doses of ___ to the gonads may produce temporary sterility

A

30 rads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which studies cause the most gonad radiation exposure?

A

barium enema

IVP

lumbar spine/hips/femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Genetically Significant Dose (GSD) defined as?

A

the gonad dose which, if received by the whole population, would be expected to produce the same total genetic effect on the whole population as the sum of the individual doses that are actually received

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The GSD is a function of what 3 parameters?

A

number of future children

x-ray exam rate

mean gonad dose per exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Biological effects from exposure to ionizing radiation are influenced by what 3 factors?

A

dose rate to the tissue exposed

total dose received by the tissue exposed

type of cell exposed

17
Q

Following the initial radiation exposure, but before the first clinically detectable effects occur

A

latent period

18
Q

short-term vs. long-term radiation effects

A

short: minutes, days, weeks later

long: years, decades, generations later

19
Q

The law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states that the radiosensitivity of tissues depends on what 3 things?

A
  1. the number of undifferentiated cells it contains
  2. the degree of mitotic activity
  3. the length of time the cells stay in active proliferation
20
Q

Radiation-induced mitotic delay in the life cycle of a cell is usually (reversible/irreversible).

A

reversible

21
Q

Based on the law of B & T, which cells are the most radio sensitive?

A

blood forming organs (marrow, spleen)

GI tissue

developing embryonic tissue (esp 1st trimester)

22
Q

What is the most sensitive cell type and the least sensitive cell type?

A

most: lymphocyte

least: muscle

23
Q

Look at the list of cell types in order of most to least sensitive

A

lymphocytes/WBCs
RBCs/granulocyte
epithelial
endothelial
connective tissue
bone
nerve
brain
muscle

24
Q

What is the only unique disease that is identifiable as caused by radiation exposure?

A

Radiation-induced cataracts (distinguishable from other cataracts)

25
Q

Most frequently occurring radiation caused cancer and least occurring

A

Most: female breast

Least: bone

26
Q

Look at the list of radiation induced cancers in order from most susceptible to least

A

female breast
thyroid
heme
lungs
GI
bone

27
Q

Absorbed doses of ___ to the fetus could result in SAB.

In animal studies, doses as little as ___ could impact the embryo.

A

50 rads

10 rads

28
Q

Optically clear protective lenses of ___mm lead equivalent reduce personnel eye radiation exposure by 85-90%.

A

0.25mm

Fluoro Cram (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions