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Fluoro Cram > Part 3: Conducting the fluoro exam > Flashcards

Part 3: Conducting the fluoro exam Flashcards

1
Q

Operator radiation dose to scattered radiation is (directly/indirectly) proportional to the pt radiation dose

A

directly

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2
Q

Image brightness is directly proportional to ____

A

the radiation dose rate at the input phosphor

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3
Q

6 factors DIRECTLY influencing pt and operator dose

A
  1. mA
  2. kVp
  3. collimation
  4. filtration
  5. exposure time
  6. target-panel distance
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4
Q

3 factors INDIRECTLY influencing pt and operator dose

A
  1. lighting in the fluoro room
  2. poor image receptor quality
  3. low absorption tabletop
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5
Q

What is the measurement of the quantity of x-ray?

A

mA

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6
Q

mA setting for fluoroscopy is usually ___ and for cassette spot films it’s ___.

A

<5

> 100

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7
Q

Why does collimation improve image quality (and is safer)?

A

It reduces the scatter radiation reaching the output phosphor of the image intensifier

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8
Q

What happens to brightness when exposure field is enlarged?

A

nothing

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9
Q

What determines the penetrating ability of x-rays and refers to the quality of the x-rays?

A

kVp

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10
Q

___: QUANTITY of x-rays

___: QUALITY of x-rays

A

mA

kVp

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11
Q

Why does higher kVp result in reduced pt dose?

A

Because higher QUALITY (kVp) of x-rays means lower QUANTITY (mA) is required.

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12
Q

kVp technically increases what pt dose?

A

internal organ dose

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13
Q

The fluoroscopic x-ray beam collimation must be adjusted so that _____ is visible on the screen/input phosphor of image intensifier when the screen is positioned ____ inches above the tabletop and the collimators are fully open.

A

an unexposed border

14”

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14
Q

Relationship between dose rate at input phosphor and x-ray beam size

A

dose rate is almost independent of beam size

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15
Q

Radiation dose rate is “almost independent” of the x-ray beam size. What does this result in?

A

image won’t be brighter with larger beam size

total volume of the patient that’s exposed to radiation increases

image quality is improves with smaller x-ray beam

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16
Q

If exposure area is doubled by opening the collimator, the ___ will double also.

A

total pt integral dose

17
Q

What is an integral dose?

A

the total energy absorbed by the pt from the beam

18
Q

The integral dose to a mass of tissue is the product of ___ and ___.

A

the mass of tissue x the dose it receives

19
Q

Integral dose unit

A

gram rad

(1 gm rad = 100 ergs)

20
Q

What is the main purpose of a filter?

A

To reduce the number/amount of low-energy/long wavelength x-rays from reaching the pt

21
Q

WHY is the goal of filtration to reduce the number of low-energy/long wavelength x-rays from reaching the pt?

A

They contribute nothing to the diagnostic image because they are not able to completely penetrate the pt to reach the image intensifier.

22
Q

How many mm aluminum should be used to filter out the x-ray beam’s low-energy waves?

A

2.5 mm

23
Q

What type of filter:

Includes the x-ray tube and its housing such as the glass envelope through which the x-ray beam passes.

A

Inherent filter

24
Q

What type of filter?

Includes sheets of metal (usually aluminum) placed in the direct path of the x-ray beam.

A

Added filter

25
Q

The ___ is characterized by Half Value Layer (HVL).

A

quality of x-rays

26
Q

Definition of the HVL

A

the thickness of absorbing material necessary to reduce the x-ray intensity to half its original value

27
Q

Fluoro equipment manufactured after 1974 and IS equipped with automatic exposure rate controls which does not allow the fluoro to be operable at any combination of tube potential and current which would result in an exposure rate in excess of ___ except during image recording or a boost.

If not equipped with auto exposure rate control, it won’t exceed ___.

A

10 rad/min

5 rad/min

28
Q

How often must devices with ABC be monitored?

A

each week

29
Q

Which is better: photopic visual acuity or scotopic?

A

photopic by about 10x

30
Q

For image intensified fluoroscopy, room lighting must be ___.

A

dim

31
Q

Where are cones vs rods located within the eye?

A

Cones are central, rods on the periphery

32
Q

Gonad shields can’t be less than ___ mm lad equivalent.

A

0.5mm

33
Q

Which type of gonad shield is best for fluoroscopy?

A

A shaped contact gonad shield

34
Q

Bucky slot cover must be at least ___mm lead equivalent.

A

0.25mm

Fluoro Cram (8 decks)

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