PART 6

Question 1

Neonatal Encephalopathy In Foals

other term

Answer 1

Neonatal maladjustment syndrome,
hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy or

“Dummy foal” syndrome

Question 2

Restraining by attaching a rope
Knot in thorax → squeeze the thorax → sleep or hypnotized

allowed to sleep for how many minutes

Answer 2

Madigan Foal Squeeze Technique

2 mins

Question 3

NE indications

Answer 3

History of foaling/birthing difficulty

Difficulty in labor or Inflammation in the placenta

Question 4

Normal during birth but have abnormalities in behavior:

sometimes vocalizes, what term?

Answer 4

Slow suckling response
Hyperexcitability
Aimless wandering
Depression
Prolong periods of recumbency
Sometimes vocalizes → Barker Foal
Loss of muscle tone
Seizures

Question 5

tx of NE

Answer 5

Good supportive care
Improvement seen everyday

Tube feeding

Control seizures

Padded environment

‘Plasma transfusion
For those with slow suckle response to pass Abs to foal

Madigan foal squeeze treatment
Reset button = mimic pelvic canal
Pagkaipit → sleep-like state before it is expelled → wala na signs
Biological switch to allow animal to adjust to the environment

Question 6

general term for any type of inflammation of the skin

4 factors of the answer above

Answer 6

Dermatitis

Bacterial infection
External irritants
Trauma
Allergens

Question 7

Skin:
Largest organ of the body
Thickness varies from ____

______at the dorsal part (dorsal neck, thorax, and base of tail)

_____at the ears, axillary, inguinal, and perianal areas (as the skin goes ventrally)

Answer 7

1mm to 5mm

thickest

thinnest

Question 8

3 stages of hair cycle

Answer 8

Anagen - growing phase
Catagen - Intermediate phase
Telogen - resting phase

Question 9

In horses, hairs do not shed all at once.
They follow a pattern, in particular, what pattern?

Shed hair in patches
Happens all throughout the year but not all at once

Answer 9

mosaic

Question 10

Small mass of cornified tissue located on the tuft of hair on the flexor surface of fetlock
Vestigial appendage

what digits of the horse is this found?

Answer 10

ergot

2nd and 4th

Question 11

More proximal located
Medial surface of radius

Answer 11

chestnut

Question 12

Sensation to rub, lick, chew, and scratch
Chronic pruritus → thickening of skin, hyperpigmented → ______

Answer 12

pruritus

lichenification

Question 13

pruritus on hind part of animal; tail head

pruritus on head, ears, abdomen

Answer 13

Pinworms (Oxyuris equi)

Black flies (Simulium or Simuliidae)

Question 14

Very common in sick, debilitated, and old animals
Both sucking and biting lice found in horses

Sucking lice
Severely affected horses → anemia
Feed on blood, bigger

Location:

Answer 14

pediculosis

Haematopinus asini

mane, pastern (excess hair), tail

Question 15

biting lice, smaller
Location

Biting more active, smaller, than sucking louse (bigger,easier seen) t/f

Answer 15

Damalinia equi
trunk

t

Question 16

clinical signs of pediculosis

Answer 16

Restlessness (due to increased pruritus)
Poor appetite
Hair coat becomes dry and dull
Patches of alopecia

Question 17

iagnosis of pediculosis

Answer 17

Check haircoat after exercise
When the horse is sweating, biting lice usually climb outwards towards the tip of hair

Use comb with mineral oil for adherence

Question 18

transmission of pediculosis

Answer 18

Direct transmission (horse-to-horse) to infected riding gears, equipment, brushes, combs
non-zoonotic

Question 19

Tx for SUCKING lice (Haematopinus)

Answer 19

Oral Ivermectin
Given for 3 mos every 2 wks
Or every 2 weeks for 3 treatments until signs are eliminated or no parasites are observed

Question 20

For biting lice (Damalinia)
Via spray

Answer 20

Lime sulfur dips / shampoos, pyrethrins, et

Question 21

more tx pendiculosis

Answer 21

ivermectin
* lime sulfur
* pyrethrin
* malathion
* coumaphos
* pyrethroid
* permethrin
* imidacloprid
* fipronil

Question 22

Pruritus associated with saliva and feces of mites
Rare in horses

Answer 22

MANGE/ ACARIASIS

Question 23

Most severe form
Notifiable disease of horses in US
Highly contagious
Zoonotic; especially those in contact with affected horses
Ivermectin and lime sulfur effective

Answer 23

Sarcoptes scabiei var equi (scabies, body mange)

Question 24

Less severe but most common form of mange in horses
Especially in draft horses: with thick hair on legs
Non-zoonotic
Ivermectin effective

Answer 24

Chorioptes equi (leg mange)

Question 25

non-zoonotic

Answer 25

Psoroptes equi (mane mange)

Question 26

Demodex
Disease in horses: self limiting
Resolve without Tx
Immunocompromised host or those with long term tx of corticosteroids (immunosuppressan

Answer 26

DEMODICOSIS

Question 27

Red mite of poultry
Can occasionally parasitize horses
Difficult to observe/detect because it is active during night
Skin scraping at night
Higher chance to obtain the mite

tx

Answer 27

Dermanyssus gallinae

Ivermectin effective but useless with source (IH) is still there
Treat the birds
Transfer horse to other place

Question 28

Intense anal pruritus / tail head pruritus
Eggs not detected during fecalysis

diagnosis

tx

Answer 28

PINWORMS (Oxyuris equi)

Perform Scotch Tape Method
Place tape on tail / anus
Obtain eggs there

Tx: Reports that Ivermectin is ineffective, use Fenbendazole instead