PART 6 Flashcards
Neonatal Encephalopathy In Foals
other term
Neonatal maladjustment syndrome,
hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy or
“Dummy foal” syndrome
Restraining by attaching a rope
Knot in thorax → squeeze the thorax → sleep or hypnotized
allowed to sleep for how many minutes
Madigan Foal Squeeze Technique
2 mins
NE indications
History of foaling/birthing difficulty
Difficulty in labor or Inflammation in the placenta
Normal during birth but have abnormalities in behavior:
sometimes vocalizes, what term?
Slow suckling response
Hyperexcitability
Aimless wandering
Depression
Prolong periods of recumbency
Sometimes vocalizes → Barker Foal
Loss of muscle tone
Seizures
tx of NE
Good supportive care
Improvement seen everyday
Tube feeding
Control seizures
Padded environment
‘Plasma transfusion
For those with slow suckle response to pass Abs to foal
Madigan foal squeeze treatment
Reset button = mimic pelvic canal
Pagkaipit → sleep-like state before it is expelled → wala na signs
Biological switch to allow animal to adjust to the environment
general term for any type of inflammation of the skin
4 factors of the answer above
Dermatitis
Bacterial infection
External irritants
Trauma
Allergens
Skin:
Largest organ of the body
Thickness varies from ____
______at the dorsal part (dorsal neck, thorax, and base of tail)
_____at the ears, axillary, inguinal, and perianal areas (as the skin goes ventrally)
1mm to 5mm
thickest
thinnest
3 stages of hair cycle
Anagen - growing phase
Catagen - Intermediate phase
Telogen - resting phase
In horses, hairs do not shed all at once.
They follow a pattern, in particular, what pattern?
Shed hair in patches
Happens all throughout the year but not all at once
mosaic
Small mass of cornified tissue located on the tuft of hair on the flexor surface of fetlock
Vestigial appendage
what digits of the horse is this found?
ergot
2nd and 4th
More proximal located
Medial surface of radius
chestnut
Sensation to rub, lick, chew, and scratch
Chronic pruritus → thickening of skin, hyperpigmented → ______
pruritus
lichenification
pruritus on hind part of animal; tail head
pruritus on head, ears, abdomen
Pinworms (Oxyuris equi)
Black flies (Simulium or Simuliidae)
Very common in sick, debilitated, and old animals
Both sucking and biting lice found in horses
Sucking lice
Severely affected horses → anemia
Feed on blood, bigger
Location:
pediculosis
Haematopinus asini
mane, pastern (excess hair), tail
biting lice, smaller
Location
Biting more active, smaller, than sucking louse (bigger,easier seen) t/f
Damalinia equi
trunk
t
clinical signs of pediculosis
Restlessness (due to increased pruritus)
Poor appetite
Hair coat becomes dry and dull
Patches of alopecia
iagnosis of pediculosis
Check haircoat after exercise
When the horse is sweating, biting lice usually climb outwards towards the tip of hair
Use comb with mineral oil for adherence
transmission of pediculosis
Direct transmission (horse-to-horse) to infected riding gears, equipment, brushes, combs
non-zoonotic
Tx for SUCKING lice (Haematopinus)
Oral Ivermectin
Given for 3 mos every 2 wks
Or every 2 weeks for 3 treatments until signs are eliminated or no parasites are observed
For biting lice (Damalinia)
Via spray
Lime sulfur dips / shampoos, pyrethrins, et
more tx pendiculosis
ivermectin
* lime sulfur
* pyrethrin
* malathion
* coumaphos
* pyrethroid
* permethrin
* imidacloprid
* fipronil
Pruritus associated with saliva and feces of mites
Rare in horses
MANGE/ ACARIASIS
Most severe form
Notifiable disease of horses in US
Highly contagious
Zoonotic; especially those in contact with affected horses
Ivermectin and lime sulfur effective
Sarcoptes scabiei var equi (scabies, body mange)
Less severe but most common form of mange in horses
Especially in draft horses: with thick hair on legs
Non-zoonotic
Ivermectin effective
Chorioptes equi (leg mange)
