PART 5 Flashcards
Fungal disease
Cause spinal cord infexn
Most common fungus to affect CNS
May affects dogs and cats
tx
Cryptococcus neoformans infections
Drug of choice: Fluconazole
cause total or partial paralysis
Cryptococcus neoformans infections
A protozoal disease
common in the Americas
infection via ingestion of sporocysts
causative agent
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
Sarcocystis neurona
EPM
brain involvelemt
spinal cord involvement
brain:
Seizures
Behavioral abnormalities
spinal cord
Paralysis
Ataxia
4 drugs that can treat EPM (PDSP)
Ponazuril
Diclazuril
Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
Sulfadiazie and pyrimethamine: Prolonged used may lead to ___
Recommended to give with ____ forage
Alfalfa hay or ____ pasture → prevents 1st answer
anemia
green
risk factor (EPM tx)
- drug to treat this
immunosuppression
Levamisole
Immunomodulator to prevent immunosuppression
preventives for EPM
management
Entry of IH and DH host in the farm
Disinfection of water and feed
Trap opossum → not effective management for this
Parasitic disease + causative agent
Verminous myelitis and encephalitis
Setaria
Eye worm
Halicephalobus deletriz
Strongylus vulgaris
Animal has anxious appearance
Third eyelid is seen
sunken
Stretched forelimbs
Limbs cannot be flexed
Stiffness can be generalized or localized
casuative agent
TETANUS
clostridium tetani
tetanus Jaw, or muscles of the neck, or hindlimb or forelimbs
Observed on the injury region
localizex
tetanus
Occurs a day later
Sensitive to touch
Painful sensitivity
Animal may become violent
Animal may be hyperexcitable to excessive light or sound
Spasms → severity can cause bone fractures
generalized
days of Average incubation tetanus
10-14 days
Rapid breathing, increased HR
Death due to paralysis of respiratory system
what dz
tetanus
bacteria gives off toxin after it dies so it is recommended to give _____
tetanus antitoxin
tetanus tx
Wound management
Sometimes wound is not visible
Antibiotics
Will kill bacteria and bacteria will release toxin after it died so recommended to give antitoxin -> fluid therapy
Tetanus antitoxin
Fluid therapy (when toxin is involved)
Helps flush out toxin
Immunization (recommended):
Mares -
Foals -
Booster -
Immunization (recommended):
Mares - last 6 weeks of pregnancy
Foals - 5 to 8 weeks of age
Booster - after 1 yr
tetanus:
Hypersensitive: ___ stimulation can trigger spasm
management:
light
Kept in a dark and quiet stall
Arboviral - arthropod borne viral diseases
Arbo: arthropod borne
genus + family
plus other term
EQUINE VIRAL ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
“Equine arboviral encephalomyelitis”
EVE:
Africa, middle east, neighboring asian and european countries
primary reservoir
West nile (WNV)
Distributed in US, canada, S. america
Not in canada
Mexico, central america, s. america
Eastern equine (EEE)
Distributed in US, canada, S. america
Western equine (WEE)
Not in canada
Venezuela equine (VEE)
Mexico, central america, s. america
More severe in terms of CS
Can progress to death in short period of time
signs less severe
Eastern (EEE) and Venezuela (VEE)
More severe in terms of CS
Can progress to death in short period of time
West nile (WNV), Western (WEE):
Signs less severe
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)
Western equine encephalitis (WEE)
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)
genus + family
genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae
West Nile virus (WNV) genus + fmily
genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae
