PART 3 Flashcards
HPP: Dietary potassium should be lowered to
2 more prevention
0.6% - 1.1%
prevent ingesting large amount of K in the diet
regular exercise
Pasturing
-Forage grasses have high moisture content which may dilute potassium content in grass
drugs to treat episodes of HPP
Acetazolamide
hydrochlorothiazide
peripheral nervous dz:
degenerative diseases
toxin:
- degenerative diseases- stringhalt, equine laryngeal paralysis
- diseases caused by toxins- botulism, shaker foal syndrome, ionophore toxicity
2 test for peripeheral nerve dz
-trotting the horse
as it slows down, the abnormality can be seen
Backing
Abnormality: increased flexion of affected limb
Bunny hopping - involuntary exaggerated hyperflexion of hindlimbs, snapping towards abdomen
tx for strignhalt (hyperflexion)
other term
is it a blemish or unsoundess?
surgical resection of the Lateral Digital Extensor
Equine Reflex Hypertonia
unsoundness
Most obvious during these times ang stringhalt
2 categories of stringhalt
walk, walking uphill, curvature
acquired and idiopathic
acquired stringhalt causative agent
other term
plant associated
Ingestion of Flatweed (Hypochaeris radicata) or False Dandelion
sporadic
“Aka: Australian stringhalt”
Most cases occur here
But not exclusive to Australia; some cases observed in US
- associated with injury, trauma, damage to a specific area
- atypical
- Resolves on their own since it has no specific cause \
other term
Idiopathic (true or classical stringhalt)
strignhalt diagnosis
clinical signs
diagnostic imaging (X-ray or Utz)
gait analysis
strighalt tx and surgery is 100% curative t/f
Muscle and tendon (resect a specific portion of Lateral Digital Extensor)
f
myotenectomy of LDE
Used to alleviate signs of stringhalt, but effects are only temporary
Phenytoin
anticonvulsant
Acepromazine
tranquilizer
prognosis in stringhalt vary. t/f
t
Some horses return to performance after surgery
Some cases experience relapse and may not turn to normal
a degenerative disease
high occurrence in males and larger breeds
Equine laryngeal paralysis
SHAKER FOAL SYNDROME
Agent + other term
C. botulinum + botulism
source of shaker foal syndrome
+ no. 1 source
rotting carcass and vegetation: source
Stagnant ponds
swimming water fowls such as geese, ducks
No 1 host
Rotting carcass of rats or vermin may also be sources
Definitive dx of shaker foal syndrome
heck for toxins (toxicology)
Detected from blood, feces, food
Tx for shaker faol syndrome + prevention in endemic areas
IV (supportive therapy) + vaccine
stilted gait
muscle tremors
inability to stand
difficulty in swallowing
Due to paralysis
constipation
dilated pupils
frequent urination
what dz?
SHaker foal syndrime
Animals that die of botulism (and even tetanus) is usually caused by ______due to paralysis of the muscles involved.
cardiac or respiratory arrest
antiprotozoal drug
Mixed with poultry and ruminant feeds
horses are sensitive to (even to low) levels of this
often fatal; no treatment
monensin contamination
3 forms of organophosphate poisoning
Has 3 forms:
Acute
Intermediate
Delayed
2 signs? of OP
Rolling - colic or abdominal pain
Gait - not straight , circling
acute form of OP inihibits ___
resulting to
acetylcholinesterase
Cholinergic signs → DUMBELLS
Cholinergic: GI motility
Diarhrea, urination, myosis, bradycardia, bronchospasm, excitation of skeletal muscles, lacrimation, salivation, sweating
OP: generalized muscle weakness
dilated pupils
what type
degeneration of nerves
what type?\
cholinergic crisis
what type?
Intermediate
delayed
acute
