Part 5 of Chapter 6: Coronary heart disease🫀

Question 1

what are the 2 coronary arteries and where are they located in the heart?

Answer 1

• 2 coronary arteries branch out from the aorta and wrap around outside the heart.
• These 2 coronary heart arteries carry blood and nutrients to the muscles of the heart.

Question 2

What is a coronary heart disease?

Answer 2

• Coronary heart disease is a very common heart disease that causes a reduction of the blood supply to the heart muscles.
• Thus, the heart muscles do not function as well as they should, as a result pumping blood more slowly and weakly.

Question 3

When does the heart attack occur?

Answer 3

• A heart attack can result when the brood supply to the heart muse is reduced due to a coronary occlusion (blockage of an artery) in the coronary arteries The region of the heart muscle that does not receive sufficient oxygen and nutrients dies.
• Extensive heart muscle damage can be fatal (near heath), as the heart can no longer pump blood to the various parts of the body.

Question 4

What is the cause of the coronary heart disease?

Answer 4

• The coronary heart disease is caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries-
• Atherosclerosis occurs when fatty substances such as cholesterol and saturated fats are deposited onto the inner surface of the coronary arteries and form plaques over time.
• The fatty deposits narrow the lumen of the arteries and increases the blood pressure flowing to the heart.
• When the coronary arteries are completely blocked, blood and oxygen supply to the heart muscles may be cut off.
• Without oxygen, the heart muscles may be damaged, leading to a heart attack.

Question 5

What are the 5 risk factors and their preventive measures against coronary heart disease?

Answer 5

1. Unhealthy diet
   - A diet rich in cholesterol and saturated animal fats increases 90
   all the risk of high blood pressure and heart attack.

Preventive measures:
- Substitute animal fats for polyunsaturated plant fats which do not stick to the inner surfaces of arteries and may lower cholesterol levels.

2. Smoking:
   - Carbon monoxide and nicotine increase the risk of heart disease.
   - Nicotine increases blood pressure, and the risk of blood clotting in the arteries.

Preventive measures:
-Reduce/avoid smoking.

3. Family history
   - High blood pressure and high blood cholesterol can run in the family.

Preventive measures:
- Engage in regular exercise to strengthen the heart and maintain the elasticity of arterial walls.

4. Age:
   - The risk of a heart attack increases with age.

Preventive measures:
- Engage in regular exercise to strengthen the heart and maintain the elasticity of arterial walls.

5. A sedentary lifestyle:
   - Inactivity leads to the build-up of fatty deposits that block the arteries.

Preventive measures:
- Engage in regular exercise to strengthen the heart and maintain the elasticity of arterial walls.