Chapter 10 part 2: Hormones and endocrine glands

Question 1

what is a hormone?

Answer 1

• a hormone is a chemical substance that are produced in minute quantities/amounts by the endocrine glands and transported in the bloodstream to one or more target organs where they exert their effects on.

Question 2

what happens after they perform their function?

Answer 2

• after the endocrine glands have performed their functions, the hormones are destroyed by the liver.

Question 3

what are some ways in which hormones can affect an organism?

Answer 3

• hormones can influence the growth, development and activity of an organism.

Question 4

how do we control the production of hormones to prevent them from increasing by a HUGE amount?

Answer 4

• we must carefully regulate the production of hormones and hormone secretion can be controlled by the nervous system or chemical substances/hormones from other endocrine glands.

Question 5

what are the 2 main types of glands in our body? (hint: endo + exo)

Answer 5

1. exocrine glands:
   - secrete their products via the exocrine ducts.
   - e.g. sweat glands
   - e.g. salivary glands
2. endocrine glands:
   - secrete their products directly into the bloodstream.
   - are ductless glands (don’t have any ducts).

Question 6

what are the organs that are known as both EXOcrine and ENDOcrine glands?

Answer 6

• some glands are both exocrine and endocrine glands such as the pancreas.
• the pancreas secretes pancreatic juice via the pancreatic duct.
• the pancreas secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon from the islets of langerhans directly into the bloodstream.

Question 7

where is the pituitary gland and what hormones do they secrete?

Answer 7

• located in the head area (near the brain).
• secretes ADH and a number of other hormones.

Question 8

where is the hypothalamus and what hormones do they secrete?

Answer 8

• located in the head area (near the brain).
• regulates the secretion of some pituitary hormones.

Question 9

where is the ovary and what hormones do they secrete?

Answer 9

NOTE: only present in females
- located at lower abdominal area.
- secretes oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 10

where is the testis and what hormones do they secrete?

Answer 10

NOTE: only present in males
- located around lower abdominal area.
- secretes testosterone.

Question 11

where is the pancreas and what hormones do they secrete?

Answer 11

• located near the bottom of the stomach and liver.
• islets of langerhans in the pancreas secrete insulin and glucagon.

Question 12

how do we refer the pituitary glands as?

Answer 12

• the pituitary gland is referred to as the “master gland” because it secretes some hormones which control the secretion of hormones which controls the secretion of hormones of other endocrine glands.