Part 4 : Women's rights

Question 1

rights of women during the 19th century

Answer 1

they were still legally dependent on men but many wanted more equality

Question 2

what were the three main groups created from 1897 to 1913 to campaign for the right for women to vote (female suffrage)?

Answer 2

• national union of women’s suffrage societies (NUWSS)
• the women’s freedom league
• women’s social and political union (WSPU)

Question 3

leader of the NUWSS

Answer 3

millicent fawcett

Question 4

when was the NUWSS created?

Answer 4

1897

Question 5

what were the NUWSS known as?

Answer 5

suffragists

Question 6

what did the NUWSS believe in?

Answer 6

peaceful methods, such as meetings, speeches, letters and posters

Question 7

what did the NUWSS want to be seen as?

Answer 7

kind and gentle in order to persuade men to give them the vote

Question 8

who created the women’s freedom league?

Answer 8

by WSPU members who did not believe in violent tactics

Question 9

when was the women’s freedom league created?

Answer 9

in 1907

Question 10

who did the women’s freedom league mostly consist of?

Answer 10

pacifists

Question 11

what did the women’s freedom league also campaign for?

Answer 11

equal pay for women

Question 12

who led the women’s social and political union (WSPU)?

Answer 12

emmeline pankhurst and was created with her daughters Christabel and Sylvia

Question 13

how did emmeline pankhurst create the WSPU?

Answer 13

she was a member of the Manchester NUWSS and decided it was time for more direct action

Question 14

when was the WSPU formed?

Answer 14

1903

Question 15

what were members of the WSPU known as?

Answer 15

suffragettes

Question 16

what did the WSPU believe in?

Answer 16

‘deeds not words’

Question 17

what did all three women’s rights campaign groups have in common?

Answer 17

• middle-class
• wanted the vote for women

Question 18

how did the NUWSS try and get the vote?

Answer 18

• lobbying MPs
• speaking publicly
• creating petitions
• distributing pamphlets

Question 19

did the NUWSS get much attention?

Answer 19

did get some attention

Question 20

how could the WSPU’s tactics be described as?

Answer 20

militant tactics

Question 21

how did the WSPU try and get the vote?

Answer 21

• heckling MPs during speeches
• demonstrations outside the house of commons
• chaining themselves to railings
• arson attacks and blowing up buildings

Question 22

event caused by the WSPU in 1912?

Answer 22

1912 stone-throwing campaign where over 200 suffragettes were arrested

Question 23

the suffragette martyr

Answer 23

emily wilding davison

Question 24

what happened at the 1913 epsom derby race?

Answer 24

• davison ran onto the track in front of the king’s horse
• she died of her injuries

Question 25

why did emily wilding davison run on the track in the epsom derby race of 1913?

Answer 25

no one knows whether she meant to kill herself or simply to stick a suffragette rosette on the king's horse

Question 26

how is the suffragette martyr, emily wilding davison, remembered?

Answer 26

she is regarded as the first martyr of the suffragette movement and it was now clear how far these women would go to get the vote

Question 27

prison protests of the suffragettes

Answer 27

- suffragettes were regularly arrested for their violent tactics - in prison, they extended their protest by going on hunger strike

Question 28

the government did not...

Answer 28

want to create martyrs

Question 29

government action towards the prison protests

Answer 29

- government could not let the women die - they were from middle-class families with influential husbands or fathers - women were initially force fed but this was seen as too dangerous as it could lead to disabilities or death

Question 30

what did the government pass as a result of the prison hunger strike protests?

Answer 30

- the prisoners (temporary discharge for ill health) act in 1913

Question 31

what did the prisoners (temporary discharge for ill health) act of 1913 state?

Answer 31

said that women should be released when they became too weak due to starvation and once they were well enough, they would be rearrested and returned to prison

Question 32

what was the prisoners (temporary discharge for ill health) act known as?

Answer 32

the cat and mouse act

Question 33

opposition towards the suffragettes' aims and methods

Answer 33

- many people thought that they held back women's suffrage because their violence made them look irrational and unbalanced which was a good reason for not having the vote - people thought that a women's place was in the home - and many people believed that politics was a man's world and women were unsuited to it

Question 34

what did PM Herbert Asquith believe about women's suffrage?

Answer 34

that politics was a man's world and women were unsuited to it, so he blocked moves to give women the vote

Question 35

when was the campaign for women's suffrage put on hold?

Answer 35

when WW1 broke out in 1914 as the suffragettes joined the war effort by working in factories and doing other war work

Question 36

how did war help women get the vote?

Answer 36

- multi-tasking - ability to do men's jobs - ability to work in stressful environments - they could make clear-headed decisions

Question 37

women proved they could still do war work and...

Answer 37

still look after their children and homes

Question 38

by working on farms, in factories...

Answer 38

and on the front lines as nurses, women showed that they could do the same jobs as men and they became known as the 'angel of the factory'

Question 39

women ran family businesses and worked in the stressful...

Answer 39

war environment which showed they could make clear-headed decisions

Question 40

after the war, the government felt...

Answer 40

that some women deserved the vote, as did the working-class men who had fought

Question 41

act of february 1918

Answer 41

the 1918 representation of the people act

Question 42

what did the 1918 representation of the people act state?

Answer 42

gave the vote to all men over 21 and to all women over 30 but with property qualifications

Question 43

what happened to women working post-war?

Answer 43

after the war, women had to leave the workplace and make way for the men returning from war

Question 44

women continued to campaign for ALL women to be able to vote and in 1928...

Answer 44

women were given the vote on equal terms with men

Question 45

what was given in 1928?

Answer 45

women were given the vote on equal terms with men

Question 46

how was the 1960s women's movement born?

Answer 46

women continued to campaign for greater equality and so the movement was born

Question 47

what did the 1960s women's movement demand?

Answer 47

- equal pay with men - more women in higher education - 24-hour child care - free contraception and abortion on demand

Question 48

successes of the 1960s women's movement

Answer 48

- 1969 - divorce reform act - 1970 - equal pay act - 1975 - sex discrimination act

Question 49

when was the divorce reform act established?

Answer 49

1969

Question 50

what did the 1969 divorce reform act state?

Answer 50

allowed women to divorce their husbands and claim any property owned in the divorce settlement

Question 51

when was the equal pay act established?

Answer 51

1970

Question 52

what did the 1970 equal pay act state?

Answer 52

gave women the right to be paid the same as men for the same work

Question 53

when was the sex discrimination act established?

Answer 53

1975

Question 54

what did the 1975 sex discrimination act state?

Answer 54

gave women rights and protection in the workplace

Question 55

long term effects of the suffrage for women?

Answer 55

- today, women and men are not completely equal in society as there are still more men in higher education and there is still a wage gap - however, the suffragettes ensured that women could do something to change it: they could vote