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Pharmacology Final Exam > Part 4 (GI meds, mental health, neurological) > Flashcards

Part 4 (GI meds, mental health, neurological) Flashcards

1
Q

What drug class is Mylanta in?

A

Antacids

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2
Q

What is the action of Mylanta?

A

reacts with HC; and raises the pH of the stomach.

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3
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Mylanta?

A

Prevents or treats peptic ulcer disease, GERD, esophagitis, heartburn, gastritis, GI bleeding, and stress ulcers.

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4
Q

What is the contraindications Mylanta?

A

signs of appendicitis or inflamed bowel; renal failure

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5
Q

What is the patient teaching for Mylanta?

A

take 1-3 hours after meals and at bedtime

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6
Q

What drug class is Omeprazole?

A

PPI

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7
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Omeprazole?

A

Tx of peptic ulcer disease, GERD

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8
Q

What are the adverse effects of Omeprazole?

A

N/D, HA; long term use can increase risk of fractures

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9
Q

What is the patient teaching for Omeprazole?

A

take before eatigng

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10
Q

What drug class is Cimetidine in?

A

H2 Blocker (-tidine)

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11
Q

What is the action of Cimetidine?

A

inhibits action of histamine at the H2 receptor of the stomach to decreases the amount, acidity, and pepsin content of gastric juices

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12
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Cimetidine?

A

prevention and tx of peptic ulcer diseases, GERD, esophagitis, GI bleed

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13
Q

What is the adverse effect of Cimetidine?

A

diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, HA, confusion, gynecomastia

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14
Q

What is the nursing action for Cimetidine?

A

Cimetidine contributes to multiple drug interactions; interferes with hepatic metabolism of other drugs

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15
Q

What is the patient teaching for Cimetidine?

A

do not take antacid and H2 together

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16
Q

What drug class is Promethazine?

A

Phenothiazine (antiemetic)

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17
Q

What is the action of Promethazine?

A

blocks dopamine for receptors in the brain

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18
Q

What is therapeutic use of Promethazine?

A

prevention and Tx of N/V associated with surgery, anesthesia, migraine, chemotherapy, and motion sickness.

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19
Q

What are the adverse effects of Promethazine?

A

`Blurred vision, urinary retention, dry mouth, photosensitivity, drowsiness, and confusion.

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20
Q

What is the BBW for Promethazine for?

A

Contraindicated in children <2years, risk of potentially fetal respiratory depression; contraindicated for subcutaneous administration.

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21
Q

what is the patient teaching for Promethazine?

A

more effective in preventing than stopping the nauseas; lying down may help N/V subside

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22
Q

What drug class is Hydroxyzine in?

A

Antihistamine (antiemetic)

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23
Q

What is the action of Hydroxyzine?

A

blocks action of acetylcholine in the brain

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24
Q

What is the therapeutic use of hydroxyzine?

A

Tx of N/V and prevents motion sickness; can possibly treat anxiety due to sedation effects

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25
What are the adverse effects of Hydroxyzine?
anticholinergic effects, confusion, thickened respiratory secretions, tachycardia
26
What are the contraindications for Hydroxyzine?
pregnancy category D
27
What is the patient teaching for Hydroxyzine?
can impair thinking or reactions, avoid operating heavy machinery.
28
What drug class is Ondansetron in?
Serotonin Receptor Antagonist (antiemetic)
29
What is the action of Ondansetron?
antagonizes serotonin receptors, preventing their activation
30
What is the therapeutic use of Ondansetron?
prevents and treats moderate to severe N/V associated with cancer, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and postoperative
31
What are the adverse effects of ondansetron?
Diarrhea , HA, dizziness, constipation, fatigue 
32
What is the patient teaching for Ondansetron?
use cation with driving or other tasks requiring mental alertness; interacts with other drugs
33
What drug class is Aprepitant in?
Substance P/ Neurokinin 1 antagonist (antiemetic)
34
What is the action of Aprepitant?
inhibits signals to the brain that cause nausea
35
What is the therapeutic use of Aprepitant?
treats both acute and delayed N/V associated with chemotherapy
36
What is the adverse effect of Aprepitant?
fatigue, weakness, abnormal heart rhythms, hiccups
37
What is the patient teaching for Aprepitant?
can reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptives
38
What drug class is Fluoxetine in?
SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)
39
What is the action of Fluoxetine?
block reabsorption of serotonin
40
What is the therapeutic use of Fluoxetine?
Tx of depression and associated with anxiety, OCD, and bulimia nervosa
41
What is the adverse effect of Fluoxetine?
N/D, weight loss, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome
42
What are the contraindications for Fluoxetine?
use of MAO inhibitor and pregnancy
43
What is the patient teaching for Fluoxetine?
take in the morning
44
What drug class is Venlafaxine?
SSRI (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors)
45
What is the action of Venlafaxine?
increases level of serotonin and norepinephrine by inhibiting reabsorption
46
What is the therapeutic use of Venlafaxine?
1st line of tx for depression and anxiety disorders
47
What are the adverse effects of Venlafaxine?
anxiety, dizziness, anorexia, weight loss, N/V, hypertension, tachycardia, sexual dysfunction, sweating, rash
48
What contraindications for Venlafaxine?
use of an MAO inhibitor and pregnancy
49
What is the patient teaching for Venalfaxine?
use effective birth control and take with food
50
What is Eszopiclone used for?
insomnia
51
What is the action of Eszopiclone?
interact with GABA receptor
52
What is the therapeutic use of Eszopiclone?
management of insomnia
53
What are the adverse effects of Eszopiclone?
behavior changes, depression, hallucinations, suicidal ideation, anterograde amnesia (short-term memory loss)
54
What are the contraindications for Eszopiclone?
elderly patients, hepatic impairment
55
What is the patient teaching for Eszopiclone?
take right before bed; avoid depressants; take on an empty stomach; high-fat meals reduce absorption
56
what is Zolpidem use for?
Insomnia
57
What is the action of Zolpidem?
interact with GABA receptor
58
What are the adverse effects of Zolpidem?
daytime drowsiness, dizziness, N/D, anterograde amnesia, sleepwalking
59
What is the patient teaching for Zolpidem?
take right before bed; avoid depressants
60
What is Levodopa-carbidopa use for?
Parkinsons
61
What is the action of levodopa-carbidopa?
increases dopamine in the brain
62
what is the therapeutic use of levodopa-carbidopa?
Tx of advances Parkinson's disease
63
What is the adverse effect of levodopa-carbidopa?
HA, anxiety, hallucinations, dementia, drowsiness, tachycardia, ectopic heartbeat, hypotension, wide QRS complex
64
What are the contraindications of levodopa-carbidopa?
suspicious skin lesions or hx of malignant melanoma
65
What are the nursing actions of levodopa-carbidopa?
do not give with MAO inhibitors (hypertensive crisis)
66
What is the patient teaching of levodopa-carbidopa?
change positions slowly, take with food, notify prescriber of any increase in symptoms.
67
What is Tolcapone use for?
Parkinsons disease`
68
What is the action of Tolcapone?
inhibits metabolism of levodopa; increase dopamine in the brain
69
What is the therapeutic use of Tolcapone?
Tx of s/sx of Parkinson's diseases; used in conjunction with levodopa - carbidopa
70
What are the adverse effects of Tolcapone?
disorientation, confusion, hallucinations, psychosis, liver failure- severe effects in other systems
71
What is the contraindication for Tolcapone?
liver disease, nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis, hyperpyrexia, confusion
72
What is the BBW for Tolcapone for?
risk of potential fetal acute fulminant liver failure.
73
What is the nursing action for Tolcapone?
do not give with MAO inhibitors (hypertensive crisis)
74
What is the patient teaching for Tolcapone?
do not stop drug abruptly, tamper over 2 weeks, use barrier contraceptive, avoid antidepressants.
75
What is Donepezil used for?
Alzheimer's (Drug class: Acetylcholine)
76
What is the action for Donepezil?
increases acetylcholine in the brain by inhibiting its metabolism
77
What is the therapeutic use of Donepezil?
Tx of all phases of Alzheimer's disease
78
What are the adverse effects of Donepezil?
HA, dizziness, depression, vertigo, insomnia, GL bleeds, asthma, heart diseases (sick sinus syndrome), fatigue, anorexia.
79
What are the contraindications for Donepezil?
patients with lung or heart disease
80
What is the patient teaching for Donepezil?
take at bedtime; does not cure, only slows progression of disease
81
What drug class is Sumatriptan in?
Triptans
82
What is the action of Sumatriptan?
binds to serotonin receptors into product vasocontraction of cranial blood vessels.
83
What is the therapeutic use of Sumatriptan?
Tx of acute migraine HA pain; with or without aura.
84
What are the adverse effects of Sumatriptan?
dizziness, HA, anxiety, alterations in BP, chest pain, shock
85
What is the contraindications for Sumatriptan?
cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular syndromes; older adult; smoking
86
What is the nursing actions for Sumatriptan?
do not give within 24 hours of ergots (risk of MI); access for increase in BP
87
What is the patient teaching for Sumatriptan?
do not operate heavy machinery.
88
what drug class is Diazepam in?
Benzodiazepine (-lam and -pam)
89
What is the action of Diazepam?
enhances inhibitory effect of GABA; reduces release of norepinephrine; skeletal muscle relaxer
90
What are the therapeutic uses of Diazepam?
antianxiety, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant
91
What are the adverse effects of Diazepam?
CNS depression, confusion, dishabituation, depression (suicidal ideation)
92
What is Diazepam BBW for ?
avoid taking with opioids; risk slowed or difficult breathing and death
93
What are the contraindications for Diazepam?
severe respiratory disorders, severe liver or kidney disorder, hx of alcohol or drug abuse
94
What is the nursing action for Diazepam?
monitor BP and RR rate
95
What is the patient teaching for Diazepam?
avoid caffeine and stimulants; do not preform tasks to require mental alertness; avoid alcohol and other depressants.

Pharmacology Final Exam (5 decks)

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