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Pharmacology Final Exam > Part 2 (antibiotics, antihypertensives, heart medication) > Flashcards

Part 2 (antibiotics, antihypertensives, heart medication) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of Ampicillin?

A

inhibits bacterial cell wall; broad spectrum

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2
Q

What is the therapeutic use for Ampicillin?

A

prophylaxis for endocarditis, UTI, URI, soft tissue

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3
Q

what are the adverse effects of Ampicillin?

A

Hepatotoxicity, abdominal pain, N/V/D, nephropathy, CNS toxicity in high amounts. Bleeding

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4
Q

what are the contraindications for Ampicillin?

A

allergy to penicillin or other beta-lactam drugs

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5
Q

what are the nursing actions for Ampicillin?

A

monitor platelet count.

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6
Q

what is the patient teaching for Ampicillin?

A

complete full drug treatment, take on empty stomach w/ full glass of water; report severe diarrhea, oral contraceptives do not work

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7
Q

What drug class is Cefazolin in?

A

Cephalosporins

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8
Q

what is the action of Cefazolin?

A

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis; broad spectrum

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9
Q

what is the therapeutic use for Cefazolin?

A

surgical prophylaxis, tx of raspatory tract, soft tissue, and urinary tract infections; MRSA, VRSA, VISA

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10
Q

what are the adverse effects of Cefazolin?

A

abdominal pain, N/V/D

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11
Q

what are the contraindications for Cefazolin?

A

allergy to penicillin, anticoagulants= may bleed more

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12
Q

what is the patient teaching for Cefazolin?

A

Take w/ food or milk; no not take with antacids; complete full course of treatment, report diarrhea, oral contraceptives do not work

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13
Q

what drug class is Ciprofloxacin in?

A

Fluoroquinolones

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14
Q

what is the action of Ciprofloxacin?

A

interferes with bacteria DNA synthesis; bactericidal

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15
Q

what is the therapeutic use of Ciprofloxacin?

A

GI, Respiratory, skin, and bone/joint infections

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16
Q

what are the adverse effects of Ciprofloxacin?

A

dizziness, HA, photosensitivity, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS and cardiac effects

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17
Q

what is Ciprofloxacin BBW for?

A

tendon rupture and tendonitis, neuropathy

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18
Q

what are the nursing actions for Ciprofloxacin?

A

requires dose down for renal impairment, monitor BUN and CR

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19
Q

what is the patient teaching for Ciprofloxacin?

A

avoid sunlight, avoid driving, take at regular intervals, drink 2-3q of water, no antacids

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20
Q

what drug class is Bactrim in?

A

Sulfonamides

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21
Q

what is the action of Bactrim?

A

prevents new bacteria by disrupting metabolic pathways, does not kill mature bacteria.

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22
Q

What is the therapeutic use for Bactrim?

A

skin and respiratory infections, MRSA

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23
Q

what are the adverse effects of Bactrim?

A

abdominal pain, N/V/D, pancreatitis, anemia, photosensitivity, renal failure, hyperkalemia

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24
Q

what are the contraindications of Bactrim?

A

sulfa allergy

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25
Q

what is the patient teaching for Bactrim?

A

take w/ 8 oz of water and on an empty stomach, avoid prolong sun exposure.

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26
Q

what drug class is Erythromycin in?

A

Macrolides (ending in -mycin)

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27
Q

what is the action of Erythromycin?

A

inhibits microbial synthesis; leading to all death

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28
Q

what are the therapeutic uses of Erythromycin?

A

GI, respiratory, and urinary infections

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29
Q

what are the adverse effects of Erythromycin?

A

N/V/D, anorexia, hepatotoxicity, ventricular dysthymias (prolong QT waves), photosensitivity, hearing loss

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30
Q

what is Erythromycin’s BBW for?

A

cation in those w/ liver disease

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31
Q

what are the contraindications for Erythromycin?

A

hepatic insufficiency, breast feeding

32
Q

what are the nursing actions for Erythromycin?

A

interactions-grapefruit, St. john’s wort, monitor ALT, AST; monitor ECG and report changes

33
Q

what is the patient teaching for Erythromycin?

A

take around the clock, take on empty stomach w/ 8ox of water, decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptive

34
Q

what drug class is Captopril in?

A

ACE inhibitors (ending in -pril)

35
Q

what is the action of Captopril

A

inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II ; vasodilatord

36
Q

what is the therapeutic use of Captopril?

A

HTN, CHF

37
Q

what are the adverse effects of Captopril?

A

cough (angioedema), hyperkalemia w/ DM, renal impairment, orthostatic hypotension

38
Q

what are the contraindications for Captopril?

A

pregnancy, previous angioedema

39
Q

what is the nursing actions for Captopril?

A

monitor potassium levels

40
Q

what is the patient teaching for Captopril?

A

do not use No-salt supplements, take on empty stomach, do not stop antihypertensive drugs abruptly, slow position changes.

41
Q

what drug class is Losartan in?

A

ARB (ending in -tan)

42
Q

what is the action of Losartan?

A

blocks angiotensin II receptors

43
Q

what is the therapeutic use for Losartan?

A

HTN, CHF, protects kidneys in DM and kidney disease

44
Q

what are the adverse effects for Losartan?

A

muscle cramps, weakness, heartburn, Diarrhea, slight neuropathy, angioedema (rare) , hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypertension

45
Q

what is Losartan BBW for?

A

injury or death to developing fetus

46
Q

what are the contraindications of Losartan?

A

pregnancy

47
Q

what are the nursing actions for Losartan?

A

assess kidneys and renal function, serum electrolyte levels (potassium) interaction- grapefruit; slow position changes

48
Q

what is the patient teaching for Losartan?

A

lifestyle change no smoking, no alcohol, no salt supplements

49
Q

what drug class is Amlodipine in?

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

50
Q

what is the action of Amlodipine?

A

inhibits Ca influx in cardiac cells= vasodilation and relaxation

51
Q

what is the therapeutic use of Amlodipine?

A

HTN, CAD

52
Q

What are the adverse effects of Amlodipine?

A

peripheral edema, HA, drowsiness, palpitations, abdominal pain, nausea, orthostatic hypotension

53
Q

what is the nursing actions for Amlodipine?

A

monitor BP and for chest pain, interactions= grapefruit and St. john’s wort

54
Q

what is the patient teaching for Amlodipine?

A

lifestyle change, no smoking, no alcohol, no salt supplements; slow position changes

55
Q

what drug class is Atenolol in?

A

Beta blockers (ending in -lol)

56
Q

what is the action of Atenolol?

A

acts on beta cells in the heart

57
Q

what is the therapeutic use for Atenolol?

A

TN, Ischemic heart disease, HF

58
Q

what are the adverse effects of Atenolol?

A

bradycardia, decreased myocardial contractility, decreases cardiac output, orthostatic hypotension,

59
Q

what is the BBW for Atenolol for?

A

abrupt stop can cause Angia, ventricular dysrhythmias, and MI

60
Q

what are the nursing actions for Atenolol?

A

assess apical heart rate before administration;

61
Q

what is the patient teaching for Atenolol?

A

do not stop drug abruptly, no smoking, no alcohol, no salt supplements; slow position changes

62
Q

what drug class is Digoxin in?

A

Cardiac glycoside

63
Q

what is the action of Digoxin?

A

improves contractility and pumping ability of the heart; slows rate of ventricular contraction (Digoxin DIGS for a deeper contraction) Lowers HR

64
Q

what is the therapeutic use of Digoxin?

A

management if mild to moderate heart failure in adults and children.

65
Q

What are the adverse effects of Digoxin?

A

Digoxin toxicity (dysrhythmia, N/V, anorexia, yellow-greenish visual halos, abd discomfort, blurred vision and dizziness).

66
Q

What is the nursing actions for Digoxin?

A

assess apical pulse for one minute before administration.

67
Q

what is the patient teaching for Digoxin?

A

never miss a dose, take with food or after a meal

68
Q

what drug class is Norepinephrine in?

A

Adrenergic Agonist

69
Q

what is the action of Norepinephrine?

A

alpha receptor agonist; results in potent peripheral arterial vasoconstriction

70
Q

what is the therapeutic use for Norepinephrine?

A

Tx of severe hypotension and shock; 1st line drug for septic shock

71
Q

what are the adverse effects for Norepinephrine?

A

diminished renal prefusion and decreases urine output, irritable cardiac dysrhythmias, increase in myocardia; oxygen requirement, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypophosphatemia, severe hypertension, and reflex bradycardia, limb ischemia

72
Q

what is the BBW for Norepinephrine?

A

Potential risk of tissue damage with extravasation

73
Q

what are the contraindications of Norepinephrine?

A

cardiac dysrhythmias, angina pectoris, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, narrow-angled glaucoma, and cerebrovascular disease

74
Q

what are the nursing actions for Norepinephrine?

A

Monitor BP and EKG

75
Q

what is the patient teaching for Norepinephrine?

A

report fast pulse, palpitations, and chest pain; seek help for signs of shock; ask doctor before taking OTC decongestants, cold remedies, and diet pills

Pharmacology Final Exam (5 decks)

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