part 4 content Flashcards
what is demography?
the study of the characteristics of the human population
what is birth rate?
live births per 1000 of the population each year
what is fertility rate?
live births per 1000 women of child bearing age 15 - 44
what is life expectancy?
the average age an individual will live to
what is net migration?
the difference between immigration(going to) and emigration(coming from)
what is natural population change?
the changes in size of the population due to changes in the number of births and deaths
why are women having less children?
- changes in the position of women
- decline in infant mortality rate
- children are an economic liability
- child - centredness
what are the reasons for the falling death rates?
- improved nutrition
- medical improvements
- public health improvements
- decline in manual labour
- greater public awareness of illness
why do we have an ageing population?
- increased life expectancy
- decline in birth and fertility
what effects does having a high number of the ageing population have on society?
- the number of public services would need to be increased
- there will be a rising dependency ratio
- there will be higher consumerism as older people are making a contribution to society through paid work
- older may experience ageism from employees
what are reasons for migration?
- employment
- welfare services (e,g healthcare)
- better living standards
- education
5.
what are positive effects of migration?
- skilled workers can support the economy through jobs
- migrants take on jobs british people don’t want to do
- they can support and work in the public sector
what are negative effects of migration?
- the population size would increase which would mean more pressure on public services
- migrant women have higher fertility rates which increases the dependency ratio
