Part 4

Question 1

Clinical symptoms of MtHb intoxication?

Answer 1

• It is a condition which a part of the normal blood pigment, hemoglobin, is present as methemoglobin.
  -> This can be caused by nitrites which penetrate the erythrocytes and oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+.
  -> Fe3+ is not able to bind O2 and transport it to tissues.
• MtHb in under normal circumstanses is present in RBCs in low concentration and excess MtHb is reconverted to hemoglobin in the RBCs by intraerythrocytary methemoglobin reductase.
• The altered hemoglobin result in hypoxia and later anoxia.
• Clinically manifested by cyanosis, which induce blue mucous membrane.
• Other signs are dyspnoea, open mouth breathing, ataxia, weakness and death.
• Colour of blood will be dark brown chocolate colour.

Question 2

What is toxicology?

Answer 2

Science or study of poisoning.
-> Study of harmful interactions between poisons and histological systems.

Question 3

How do you adjust the sample before determination?

Answer 3

• Water extraction
• Extraction with organic solvent
• Steam distillation
• Mineralization

Question 4

Which compounds can we determine without sample adjustment?

Answer 4

• Zinc phosphide
• Mercury
• Arsenic

Question 5

Which kind of compound do we use for Steam distillation?

Answer 5

Aldehydes

Question 6

Urea concentration in milk, serum and food is determined by?

Answer 6

Spectrophotometric method

Question 7

Determination of MtHb-percentage in blood is done by?

Answer 7

Spectrophotometric method

Question 8

Carboxyhemoglobin is formed after exposure to?

Answer 8

Carbon monoxide (Co)

Question 9

The methods of extraction of poison from biological samples are as follows?

Answer 9

• Consider every sample to be infectious.
• Preserve samples only by coolong/freezing, without any chemicals.
• Avoid contaminarion of samples with antiseptics, soap, dirt, hair or any other foreign substances.
• Sample should be divided into equal portions.
• Pack every sample separately into plastic bags or bottles.
• Water extraction.
• Organic solvent extraction.
• Steam distillation.
• Mineralization.

Question 10

Sulphemoglobin is formed after exposure to?

Answer 10

Hydrogen sulphide

Question 11

Supermethrin is used as?

Answer 11

Insecticide

Question 12

NaCl is determined?

Answer 12

From Water extract.

Question 13

PCB is determined by?

Answer 13

GC (Gas chromatography)

Question 14

Clinical symptoms of Zn3P2 intoxication?

Answer 14

• Lack of appetite
• Garlic breath
• Rapid or difficulty breathing
• Lethargy
• Weakness
• Abdominal bloating or pain
• Diarrhoea and gas
• Vomiting
• Drooling
• Seizures or convulsions
• Coma
• Death