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AUBF > PART 3 routine examination of urine (week 4) > Flashcards

PART 3 routine examination of urine (week 4) Flashcards

1
Q
  • Urine is examined routinely to detect or determine the presence or absence of glucose. This is done either as screening procedure or as a guide to insulin therapy.
  • Other sugars may also appear in urine in certain conditions and interfere with the detection and determination of glucose. Blood level, glomerular blood flow, tubular reabsorption rate, and urine flow influence the appearance of glucose in urine.
A

GLUCOSE

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2
Q

It is called as the glucose in urine
- More than 180-200 mg/dl

A

Glucosuria

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3
Q

The blood level at which tubular reabsorption stops

160 to 180 mg/dL

A

Renal thresold

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4
Q
  1. Diabetes mellitus
  2. Pancreatitis
  3. Pancreatic Cancer
  4. Acromegaly
  5. Cushing’s syndrome
  6. Hyperthyroidism
  7. Pheochromocytoma
  8. CNS damage
  9. Stress
  10. Gestational Diabetes
A

Hyperglycemia-associated

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5
Q
  1. Fanconi’s syndrome
  2. Advanced renal disease
  3. Osteomalacia
  4. Pregnancy
A

Renal associated

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6
Q
  • Softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization
A

Osteomalacia

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7
Q

Principle: Double sequential enzyme (Glucose oxidase & peroxidase) use two enzymes

1st step: Glucose oxidase catalyzes a reaction between glucose and oxygen to produce gluconic acid and peroxide

2nd step: Peroxidase catalyzes a reaction between peroxide and chromogen to form an oxidized chromogen (colored compound)

A

Reagent strip method specific test for glucose

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8
Q

chromogen is oxidized

A

positive result

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9
Q

REAGENT STRIP METHOD - SPECIFIC TEST FOR GLUCOSE

  • Oxdizing cleaning agent
A

False positive

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10
Q

REAGENT STRIP METHOD - SPECIFIC TEST FOR GLUCOSE

  • Cold specimen, high concentration of vitamin C, ketones, improperly preserved specimen, high specific gravity
A

false negative

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11
Q

an antioxidant which prevents oxidation

A

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

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12
Q
  • Potassium iodide chromogen
  • Negative: Blue
  • Positive: Green —> Brown in 30 seconds
A

Multistix

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13
Q
  • Aminopropyl-carbazol chromogen
  • Color changes from yellow —> Orange brown in 60 seconds
A

Chemistrip

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14
Q
  • O-toluidine chromogen
  • Color changes from pink —> purple
A

Clinistix

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15
Q

Principle: Copper Reduction
It is the ability of glucose to reduce copper
sulfate to cuprous oxide in the presence of alkali & heat .

  • The glucose in urine reduces the blue alkaline copper sulfate to cuprous oxide.
A

BENEDICT’S TEST

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16
Q

powerful reducing agents; cupric to
coprous

A

Enediols

17
Q

Principle: Copper Reduction
a. Store in dry, away from sunlight
b. Normal: spotted bluish white tablet
c. Dark blue to brown tablet – (discard)

A

CLINITEST (Copper Reduction Tablet Test)

18
Q

Contains copper sulfate,
sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, citric acid

A

Tablet (rgts)

19
Q

reacts with reducing substances in the urine converting copper (in cupric form) sulfate to cuprous oxide

A

Copper sulfate

20
Q

COPPER REDUCTION TEST
Negative result

A

Blue

21
Q

COPPER REDUCTION TEST
Positive result

A

Orange/Red

22
Q
  • Involves “Pass-through phenomenon” if
    sugar in urine is more than 2 g/dL when the glucose in urine is very high
  • Color produced passes through the orange/red stage and returns to a green brown color because of re-oxidation of cuprous oxide to cupric oxide
  • Passes through orange to a dark shade of greenish brown. Re-oxidation of cuprous oxide to cupric oxide
  • Commonly, ang ginagawa ay five drop method because the two-drop method is only performed if there’s pass through
    phenomenon
A

COPPER REDUCTION TEST

23
Q

Principle: Copper reduction
(+) result: Green, yellow, orange, red
sugar measured: Glucose and other reducing sugars

A

Benedict and Clinitest tablet

24
Q

Principle: Double sequential Enzyme reaction (glucose oxidase)
(+) result: Green to brown
(-) result: Blue
Sugar measured
- Glucose only

A

Reagent strip

25
Q

Ascorbic acid in reagent strip testing

A

False negative

26
Q

Ascorbic acid in Clinitest

A

False positive

27
Q

Oxidizing agents in reagent strip testing

A

False positive

AUBF (12 decks)

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