Basic Principles

Question 1

The primary inorganic substance found in urine is:
A. Sodium
B. Phosphate
C. Chloride
D. Calcium

Answer 1

C. Chloride

Question 1

An unidentified fluid is received in the laboratory with a
request to determine whether the fluid is urine or another
body fluid. Using routine laboratory tests, which substances
would determine that the fluid is most probably urine?
A. Glucose and ketones
B. Urea and creatinine
C. Uric acid and amino acids
D. Protein and amino acids

Answer 1

B. Urea and creatinine

Question 2

The average daily output of urine is:
A. 200 mL
B. 500 mL
C. 1200 mL
D. 2500 mL

Answer 2

C. 1200 mL

Question 3

A patient presenting with polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia,
and a low urine specific gravity is exhibiting symptoms of:
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Urinary tract infection
D. Uremia

Answer 3

A. Diabetes insipidus

Question 4

A patient with oliguria might progress to having:
A. Nocturia
B. Polyuria
C. Polydipsia
D. Anuria

Answer 4

D. Anuria

Question 5

All of the following are characteristics of recommended
urine containers except:
A. A flat bottom
B. A capacity of 50 mL
C. A snap-on lid

Answer 5

C. A snap-on lid

Question 6

Labels for urine containers are:
A. Attached to the container
B. Attached to the lid
C. Placed on the container before collection
D. Not detachable

Answer 6

C. Placed on the container before collection

Question 7

A urine specimen may be rejected by the laboratory for all
of the following reasons except the fact that the:
A. Requisition form states the specimen is catheterized
B. Specimen contains toilet paper
C. Label and requisition form do not match
D. Outside of the container has contamination from fecal
material

Answer 7

D. Outside of the container has contamination from fecal
material

Question 8

A cloudy specimen received in the laboratory may have
been preserved using:
A. Boric acid
B. Chloroform
C. Refrigeration
D. Formalin

Answer 8

A. Boric acid

Question 9

For general screening, the specimen collected most
frequently is a:
A. Random one
B. First morning
C. Midstream clean-catch
D. Timed

Answer 9

A. Random one

Question 10

*The primary advantage of a first morning specimen over
a random specimen is that it:
A. Is less contaminated
B. Is more concentrated
C. Is less concentrated
D. Has a higher volume

Answer 10

B. Is more concentrated

Question 11

*If a routine urinalysis and a culture are requested on a
catheterized specimen, then:
A. Two separate containers must be collected
B. The routine urinalysis is performed first
C. The patient must be recatheterized
D. The culture is performed first

Answer 11

D. The culture is performed first

Question 12

*If a patient fails to discard the first specimen when
collecting a timed specimen, then the:
A. Specimen must be re-collected
B. Results will be falsely elevated
C. Results will be falsely decreased
D. Both A and B

Answer 12

B. Results will be falsely elevated

Question 13

*The primary cause of unsatisfactory results in an unpreserved routine specimen not tested for 8 hours is:
A. Bacterial growth
B. Glycolysis
C. Decreased pH
D. Chemical oxidation

Answer 13

A. Bacterial growth

Question 14

*Prolonged exposure of a preserved urine specimen to
light will cause:
A. Decreased glucose
B. Increased cells and casts
C. Decreased bilirubin
D. Increased bacteria

Answer 14

C. Decreased bilirubin

Question 15

Which of the following would be least affected in a specimen that has remained unpreserved at room temperature for more than 2 hours?
A. Urobilinogen
B. Ketones
C. Protein
D. Nitrite

Answer 15

C. Protein

Question 16

*Bacterial growth in an unpreserved specimen will:
A. Decrease clarity
B. Increase bilirubin
C. Decrease pH
D. Increase glucose

Answer 16

A. Decrease clarity

Question 17

*The most sterile specimen collected is a:
A. Catheterized
B. Midstream clean-catch
C. Three-glass
D. Suprapubic aspiration

Answer 17

D. Suprapubic aspiration

Question 18

*Which of the following would not be given to a patient before the collection of a midstream clean-catch specimen?
A. Sterile container
B. Iodine cleanser
C. Antiseptic towelette
D. Instructions

Answer 18

B. Iodine cleanser

Question 19

*Urine specimen collection for drug testing requires the collector to do all of the following except:
A. Inspect the specimen color
B. Perform reagent strip testing
C. Read the specimen temperature
D. Fill out a chain-of-custody form

Answer 19

B. Perform reagent strip testing