Part 3: A revolution in medicinde Flashcards
What was the significance of Pasteur
. Pasteur developed the germ theory which opposed the miasma theory but it wasn’t accepted for a long time
. He did an experiment with a swan necked flask. The flask exposed to the surroundings had microbial growth.
What was the significance of Robert Koch
. Koch found a way to stain bacteria so it would be easier to identify them under a microscope
. Koch identified the causes of typhoid and diphtheria
What was the significance of Paul Ehrlich
. Ehrlich used scientific experiments to identify and treat disease
. In 1910 he created Salvarsan 606 which killed germs causing syphilis
. Salvarsan 606 only targeted the specific germ that caused syphilis
What was the significance of James Simpson
. Professor of midwifery at Edinburgh University
. He discovered chloroform in 1847 which was an effective anaesthetic
. Used by queen Victoria for child birth
. It wasn’t accepted at first because an overdose would kill and it was hard to accurately dose people
What was the significance of Joseph Lister
. Developed anti-septic surgery
. He used carbolic acid on wounds so it wouldn’t get infected
. Invented a machine to automatically spray his operating room with carbolic acid
. However a limitation was, carbolic acid slowed operations and made the workplace unpleasant
. Inspired aseptic surgery - Gustav Neuber
What was the significance of Edwin Chadwick
. Edwin Chadwick worked for politicians
. He looked at the poor
. He discovered that poor people had bad health conditions and the government should pay for better public health so that the poor people would work more often
. A limitation was that he did not fully stop the government from believing in Laissez Faire
. In the long term, the public health acts would overcome the limitations
What was the significance of John Snow
. John snow studied a water pipe and mapped out the deaths near the water pipe
. He worked scientifically
. Snow proved that cholera was caused by dirty water
. One day, he removed a handle from a water pipe and the outbreak of cholera ended
How did government attitudes change
. The government believed in Laissez Faire
. The 1848 Public health act stated that the local governments could improve public health
. A limitation was that it was not mandatory and the local government did not want to raise the taxes
. The limitations were overcome by the 1875 public health act which forced the local government to take action
How did chance affect health
. Charles Chamberland (Pasteur’s assistant) injected chickens with weakened strain of
chicken cholera by mistake - discovered by chance then the weakened or attenuated culture
had made the chickens immune 1880
. By chance, Pasteur met a boy with rabies and made a vaccination for it
How did science and technology affect health
. The development of the microscope allowed people to research germs and helped with research
How did war affect health
. Franco - Prussian 1871 war helped rivalry between Pasteur and Koch. Both men’s work
fuelled by nationalist pride.
