Part 3 Flashcards
Cilia
Line trachea and bronchi and help prevent foreign particles from entering into the lungs.
How does the respiratory passageway clear air?
Through the nose, trachea, and finally lymphatic system.
Trachea
Flexible tube right below the larynx. 11 centimeters in length, runs from inferior border of the larynx and bifurcates to become the right and left mainstem bronchi.
Where does bifurcation of the trachea occur?
Carina
Hyaline cartilage rings
16-20 line the trachea; open in posterior aspect
Bronchial tree
Begins at the level of the carina trachea and gets progressively smaller as it progresses into the lungs
Mainstem bronchi
Right bronchus is larger in diameter and straighter than the left as it supplies the larger lung. Left bronchus is twice as long.
Lobar/Secondary bronchi
Right lung has 3; supplies the lobes of lungs
Tertiary/Respiratory bronchi
Smaller passageways extending into the bronchioles
Terminal respiratory bronchioles
Final division of bronchi- 1mm or less in diameter. End becomes the alveolar duct.
Alveolar duct
End of terminal bronchioles that communicates with the alveolus
Alveolus
Air sacs that allow for gas exchange; 3 million in our lungs
Asthma
Swelling that occurs in the bronchioles causing a decrease in diameter of the bronchiole branches. There is increased resistance to air flow.
Emphysema
Breakdown of the lung in which the alveoli that promote oxygen exchange between air and bloodstream are destroyed, resulting in decreased vital capacity. A common cause is smoking.
Lungs
Right lung has 3 lobes, and left lobe has 2 lobes. Right is larger than the left to allow for mediastinum for the heart. Base of lungs rides on the diaphragm.
Oblique fissures
Travel in superlateral direction- both lungs have.
Transverse fissures
Right lung only
What color are the lungs?
Light, porous, spongy pink material that is highly elastic. Turns gray due to contamination throughout life.
What do the lungs depend on to pump air in and out of lungs?
Musculature and air pressure
Apex
Points upward and fits into a space bounded by the upper ribs, sternum, and vertebrae.
Aspiration
Entry of a liquid or solid materials into the lungs, past the point of the true vocal folds. Due to inability to coordinate appropriate swallow due to strength, sensation, or awareness. Voice will sound wet and gurgly and patient will be at risk for aspiration pneumonia.
MBS Modified barium swallow
Lets us observe aspiration
Pleurae (2)
Smooth contact for rough tissue; contributor for thoracic expansions during inspiration, decreases surface tension in the lungs. Two types are visceral and parietal.
Visceral pleurae
Surrounds the lungs
