Part 3

Question 1

Cilia

Answer 1

Line trachea and bronchi and help prevent foreign particles from entering into the lungs.

Question 2

How does the respiratory passageway clear air?

Answer 2

Through the nose, trachea, and finally lymphatic system.

Question 3

Trachea

Answer 3

Flexible tube right below the larynx. 11 centimeters in length, runs from inferior border of the larynx and bifurcates to become the right and left mainstem bronchi.

Question 4

Where does bifurcation of the trachea occur?

Answer 4

Carina

Question 5

Hyaline cartilage rings

Answer 5

16-20 line the trachea; open in posterior aspect

Question 6

Bronchial tree

Answer 6

Begins at the level of the carina trachea and gets progressively smaller as it progresses into the lungs

Question 7

Mainstem bronchi

Answer 7

Right bronchus is larger in diameter and straighter than the left as it supplies the larger lung. Left bronchus is twice as long.

Question 8

Lobar/Secondary bronchi

Answer 8

Right lung has 3; supplies the lobes of lungs

Question 9

Tertiary/Respiratory bronchi

Answer 9

Smaller passageways extending into the bronchioles

Question 10

Terminal respiratory bronchioles

Answer 10

Final division of bronchi- 1mm or less in diameter. End becomes the alveolar duct.

Question 11

Alveolar duct

Answer 11

End of terminal bronchioles that communicates with the alveolus

Question 12

Alveolus

Answer 12

Air sacs that allow for gas exchange; 3 million in our lungs

Question 13

Asthma

Answer 13

Swelling that occurs in the bronchioles causing a decrease in diameter of the bronchiole branches. There is increased resistance to air flow.

Question 14

Emphysema

Answer 14

Breakdown of the lung in which the alveoli that promote oxygen exchange between air and bloodstream are destroyed, resulting in decreased vital capacity. A common cause is smoking.

Question 15

Lungs

Answer 15

Right lung has 3 lobes, and left lobe has 2 lobes. Right is larger than the left to allow for mediastinum for the heart. Base of lungs rides on the diaphragm.

Question 16

Oblique fissures

Answer 16

Travel in superlateral direction- both lungs have.

Question 17

Transverse fissures

Answer 17

Right lung only

Question 18

What color are the lungs?

Answer 18

Light, porous, spongy pink material that is highly elastic. Turns gray due to contamination throughout life.

Question 19

What do the lungs depend on to pump air in and out of lungs?

Answer 19

Musculature and air pressure

Question 20

Apex

Answer 20

Points upward and fits into a space bounded by the upper ribs, sternum, and vertebrae.

Question 21

Aspiration

Answer 21

Entry of a liquid or solid materials into the lungs, past the point of the true vocal folds. Due to inability to coordinate appropriate swallow due to strength, sensation, or awareness. Voice will sound wet and gurgly and patient will be at risk for aspiration pneumonia.

Question 22

MBS Modified barium swallow

Answer 22

Lets us observe aspiration

Question 23

Pleurae (2)

Answer 23

Smooth contact for rough tissue; contributor for thoracic expansions during inspiration, decreases surface tension in the lungs. Two types are visceral and parietal.

Question 24

Visceral pleurae

Answer 24

Surrounds the lungs

Question 25

Parietal pleurae

Answer 25

Surrounds the thorax. Contains costal, diaphragmatic, and mediastinal pleurae.

Question 26

Costal pleurae

Answer 26

Inner surface of the rib cage

Question 27

Diaphragmatic pleurae

Answer 27

Lines diaphragm. Maintains contact with the visceral pleurae of the lungs which allows for expansion of breathing.

Question 28

Mediastinal pleurae

Answer 28

Lines mediastinum.

Question 29

Pleurae’s interaction

Answer 29

Mucous solution released between parietal and visceral plurae. Reduces surface tension and provides slippery interface between lungs and thoracic wall.

Question 30

Surfactant

Answer 30

Keeps sheets of pleurae from clinging to one another and reduces surface tension.

Question 31

Pericardium

Answer 31

Membrane sack enclosing the heart. Left and right phrenic nerves pass along the surfaces of the pericardium in order to innervate the diaphragm.

Question 32

Pneumothorax

Answer 32

Air gets into pleural space between the lungs and chest wall resulting in loss of intrapleural pressure. Result is a collapsed lung.

Question 33

Open pneumothorax

Answer 33

Air that is introduced into the space through breach in thoracic wall. Ex: knife wound or auto accident.

Question 34

Respiratory passageway (4 parts)

Answer 34

Provides communication between lungs and external environment, providing filtering functions. Includes oral & nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes.