Part 1 Flashcards
Inspiration
Process of bringing air into lungs for respiration
Expiration
The process of eliminating air from lungs for respiration
Boyle’s Law
Given a gas of constant temperature, increasing or decreasing the volume of the chamber in which the gas in contained will cause a corresponding decrease or increase in pressure
Increase volume, pressure decreases: negative pressure
Decrease volume, pressure increases: positive pressure
What is the framework of respiration that protects the lungs?
Vertebral column, pelvic and pectoral girdles, and rib cage
Vertebral Column (5 divisions)
Provides protection for spiral cord; consists of vertebra.
- Cervical 7
- Thoracic 12
- Lumbar 5
- Sacral 5
- Coccygeal 4
Intervertebral disks
Fibrocartilaginous disks found between vertebrae except for first two (C1 & C2). Provides support and cushion for vertebrae- 24 in body.
Spinous process
Exterior portion you can feel with your hand on your back- both sides.
Transverse process
Located on both sides of the vertebrae
Corpus (body)
Anterior portion of the vertebrae.
Vertebral foramen
Allows for the passage of the spinal cord
Intervertebral
Smaller holes for spinal nerves exiting and entering the spinal cord
Superior/Inferior Articular facets
Indentations that allow for articulation with other vertebrae
Cervical vertebrae
Compose neck bones, 1st 2 are named Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2)
Atlas
C1- Supports the weight of the skull, has a very small spinous process.
Axis
C2- Fits into the Atlas- allows for rotation and pivoting of the skull.
Dens/Odontoid process
Protrudes through vertebral facet for foramen, & helps prevent damage to spinal cord
Transverse Ligament
Allows for movement of odontoid process, and helps hold together
Thoracic vertebrae
Larger spinous and transverse processes than cervical vertebrae. Contains superior and inferior costal facets which are the attachment point for the ribs.
Ribs T1, 10, 11, 12
Have a 1:1 arrangement- rib 1 to vertebrae 1 & so on.
Ribs T2-9
Attach to the transverse costal facets as well as attach to the body (inferior costal facet) of vertebrae above it.
Lumbar vertebrae
Largest and strongest because they bear the most weight during lifting or walking- provides attachment points for back and ab muscles
Sacral vertebrae
Fuse/ossify together to form the sacrum. Sacral foramina provide passageway for the sacral nerves.
Coccyx
Beak like appearance- articulates with sacrum by means of small disk.
Normal vertebral column
Straight from anterior to posterior with very slight curve to the right. Curved forward in cervical area, convex in thoracic, concave in lumbar, and convex in sacral.
