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Veterinary Clinical Pathology > Part 3: 1st module > Flashcards

Part 3: 1st module Flashcards

1
Q

Decreased Erythrocytes

A

Anemia

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2
Q

Increased Erythrocytes

A

Erythrocytosis

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3
Q

Decreases reticulocytes

A

Reticulopenia

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4
Q

Increased reticulocytes

A

Reticulocytosis

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5
Q

Decreased Leukocytes

A

Leukopenia

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6
Q

Increased Leukocytes

A

Leukocytosis

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7
Q

Decreased Neutrophils

A

Neutropenia

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8
Q

Increased Neutrophils

A

Neutrophilia

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9
Q

Decreased Lymphocytes

A

Lymphopenia

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10
Q

Increased Lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytosis

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11
Q

Decreased Monocytes

A

Monocytopenia

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12
Q

Increased Monocytes

A

Monocytosis

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13
Q

Decreased Eosinophils

A

Eosinopenia

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14
Q

Increased Eosinophils

A

Eosinophilia

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15
Q

decreased Basophils

A

Basopenia

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16
Q

Increased Basophils

A

Basophilia

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17
Q

Decreased platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

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18
Q

Increased Platelets

A

Thrombocytosis

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19
Q

Both the red blood cells and leukocytes present in the circulation are produced largely in the?

A

bone marrow

20
Q

Both the red blood cells and leukocytes are theorized to arise from a common stem cell ___________________ which under a series of differentiation produces the red cells and Leukocytes

A

pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell

21
Q

comprises the leukocytes carried in the circulation

A

Circulating pool

22
Q

correspond to a general increase in the number of leukocytes in the circulation, irrespective of the leukocyte cell type involved (usually elevated neutrophils count)

A

Leukocytosis

23
Q

Is the reverse or the general reduction in Leukocyte numbers

A

Leukopenia

24
Q

comprises the leukocyte that are present at the periphery of blood vessels

A

Marginal pool

25
Q

those leukocytes which are at the bone marrow awaiting differentiation and release, including those at other lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes and spleen.

A

Marrow pool

26
Q

are produced in the bone marrow, released into the peripheral blood and migrate into the tissues.

A

Granulocytes

27
Q

normally progresses in the bone marrow in an orderly fashion from blast cell to mature granulocyte

A

Granulopoiesis

28
Q

can maintain itself against continual removal of cells into the differential proliferation pool; reconstitute itself if depletion occurs; and depending upon the demand, can increase cell production

A

Stem cell pool

29
Q

is not self-sustaining; made up myeloblast, pro granulocytes, and large and small myelocytes, and large and small myelocytes (the larger cells form a dividing pool that supplies cells to the maturation pool)

A

Differential proliferating pool

30
Q

it is not self-sustaining; made up of metamyelocyte band cells, and mature segmented granulocytes; no DNA synthesis occurs

A

Non-proliferating or maturation pool

31
Q

phagocytes of small particles, e.g. pyogenic bacteria

A

neutrophils

32
Q

the general causes of neutropenia are related to alteration in the bone marrow and are known as the three D’s.

A
  1. Degeneration (ineffective granulopoiesis)
  2. Depression (reduced granulopoiesis)
  3. Depletion (reduced survival in blood)
33
Q

the result of a condition that causes deficiency in bone marrow activity that results in an inability to mature neutrophils

A

Degeneration

34
Q

results when the marrow loses its ability to produce neutrophils in response to peripheral demands

A

depression

35
Q

this alteration is characterized by a diminished number of neutrophils with zero or very few immature neutrophils in peripheral blood.

A

Depression

36
Q

occurs when the demand of leukocytes is such that the marrow’s storage pool is exhausted and the compensatory functional reaction has not yet be manifest

A

Depletion

37
Q

is a term used to denote an increase in the number of immature neutrophils in the peripheral circulation

A

Shift to the left

38
Q

is characterized by an absolute increase in neutrophils accompanied by the appearance of immature neutrophils in the peripheral circulation

A

regenerative left shift

39
Q

is manifested by a slight to moderate increase in the number of band neutrophils

A

slight left shift

40
Q

may include a few metamyelocytes and many band cells

A

moderate left shift

41
Q

characterized by an increasing number of metamyelocytes with the occasional appearance of myelocytes and possibly some promyelocytes

A

marked shift

42
Q

there is a normal, low, or falling total leukocyte count accompanied by a moderate to marked shift to the left, with the absolute number of immature neutrophils frequently exceeding the number of mature neutrophils

A

degenerative left shift

43
Q

this alteration is a result of the inability of bone marrow to produce mature cells in response to infection and as a result there is a proportional increase in immature neutrophils in the blood.

A

Degenerative left shift

44
Q

found in the respiratory and gastro intestinal tract linings, where they act as detoxifiers; mobilized at site of Ag-Ab reactions in response to mediators released from basophils and mast cells

A

Eosinophils

45
Q

eosinophilia is seen in the following conditions

A
  1. reflection of hypersensitivity in conditions such as PARASITISM and ALLERGIC REACTIONS
  2. Anaphylactic reactions
  3. adrenocortical insufficiency
  4. Recovery stages of some acute infections
  5. Granulocytic eosinophilic leukemias
  6. Neoplasms of the ovary
  7. Eosinophilic myositis
  8. Splenectomy in the dog
  9. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in the dog
  10. Eosinophilic granuloma in the cat
  11. Association w/ estrus in some dogs
46
Q

its function is not entirely known; granules contain heparin, histamine and a platelet activating factor

A

Basophils

47
Q

Lymphopoiesis occurs in __________ in __________, ___________ and other lymphoid organs.

A

thymus in neonates, bone marrow

Veterinary Clinical Pathology (4 decks)

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