Part 2: 1st Module

Question 1

this method allows the collection of a small amount of blood for a quick PCV, total protein, and blood film while clearing the catheter and tubing of blood that may contain pro-coagulant factors that would promote clot formation in the EDTA tube.

Answer 1

butterfly catheter

Question 2

Two methods for preparing a blood film.

Answer 2

✓ the push slide is rested on one finger rather than being held between the thumb and index finger
✓ Both the push slide and blood film slide are in the hands.

Question 3

The angle of the push slide and the viscosity of the blood determine the length of the blood film.

Answer 3

✓ for blood with normal PCV, a 45° angle will produce a blood film with a good feathered edge and counting area
✓ for blood that is thick (dehydration), a shallower angle is needed or the blood film will be too short
✓ for blood that is thin (anemia), a steeper angle is needed or the blood film will be too long

Question 4

an animal selected using defined criteria.

Answer 4

Reference Individual

Question 5

All possible reference individuals. Usually, the number of such individuals is unknown. In the cae of captive wild animals, the total number may be known

Answer 5

Reference population

Question 6

An adequate number of reference individual selected to represent the reference population

Answer 6

Reference sample group

Question 7

a value obtained by observation pr measurement of a particular substance the reference

Answer 7

Reference value

Question 8

the lowest and highest values of the reference interval, derived from a reference distribution

Answer 8

Reference limits

Question 9

an interval between and including the two reference limits

Answer 9

Reference Interval

Question 10

A value obtained by observation or measurement to be compared to the reference interval

Answer 10

Observed value

Question 11

does not include all reference values; contains the values between two reference limits

Answer 11

Reference interval

Question 12

also known as the normal distribution. it is a continuous probability distribution that is symmetric around its mean. This means that data points near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than those far from the mean, creating a characteristic “bell curve” shape when graphed.

Answer 12

Gaussian distribution

Question 13

this theorem states that the sum of a large number of independent and identically distributed random variables will be approximately normally distributed, regardless of the original distribution of the variables

Answer 13

Central limit theorem

Question 14

the ability of an assay to get the same result if a sample is analyzed several times; also called reproducibility or randow analytical error

Answer 14

Analytical precision

Question 15

variability in the results when the same is analyzed multiple times

Answer 15

Analytical imprecision

Question 16

The ability of an assay to consistently provide accurate results

Answer 16

Analytical precision and Accuracy

Question 17

the ability of an assay to measure the intended analyse without interference from other substances

Answer 17

Analytical specificity

Question 18

the smallest amount of substance that can be reliably detected by an assay

Answer 18

detection limit

Question 19

graphical tool used in laboratories to monitor the quality control of assays over time. This chart specifically tracks the glucose control solution over 12 days

Answer 19

Levy-Jennings chart

Question 20

to compare a new method against a reference or established method

Answer 20

NCCLS Bias plot

Question 21

indicates no difference between the methods

Answer 21

Zero bias line

Question 22

To compare two methods without assuming one is more accurate

Answer 22

Altman-Bland Bias plot

Question 23

to compare the results of two HCO3

Answer 23

Deming Method Comparison

Question 24

to compare the results of two HCO3- assays using the passing & bablok regression method

Answer 24

Passing & Bablok Method Comparison

Question 25

Both methods help in detecting systematic differences between the two assays

Answer 25

Bias detection

Question 26

indicates that the difference between methods changes with the concentration

Answer 26

Proportional bias

Question 27

indicates a consistent difference across all concentrations

Answer 27

Constant bias

Question 28

Both methods use regression equations and confidence intervals to evaluate the agreement between assays

Answer 28

Statistical Analysis

Question 29

the graph plots “diagnostic sensitivity” (true positive rate) on the y-axis and “1- Diagnostic specificity” (false positive rate) on the x-axis.

Answer 29

ROC curve