Part 1: 2nd Module Flashcards
is a term for the mass of circulating erythrocytes plus the erythropoietic tissue of the bone marrow
Erythron
a hormone released from the kidney which stimulates the bone marrow to undergo hematopoiesis
Erythropoietin
total RBCs transmit time for cows
4-5 days
total RBCs transmit time for dogs
4-7 days
stimuli for erythrocyte production
✓ anoxia/hypoxia
✓ repeated bleedings
✓ rbc destroying chemicals
✓ hormones
have projections of variable length that are unevenly spaced on the surface of the red cell
Acanthocytes
may be seen as an incidental finding, as a consequence of a high-fat diet, with disorders of lipid metabolism, and with hemangiosarcoma
Acanthocytes
in the latter case, it may form when red cells stagnate in cavernous spaces within the tumor, resulting in shifts in lipids in the RBC membrane
Acanthocytes
identified when red cells clump or cluster together in groups (not in rows) like a bunch of grapes. it must be differentiated from rouleaux.
Agglutination
indicates variable red cell size
Anisocytosis
appears as though they have a hole(s) punched through the periphery of the red cell. They are observed most often in the feline blood films. It may result from oxidative injury
Blister cells
have a dark central area of hemoglobin, surrounded by a pale zone that in turn is surrounded by a peripheral rim of hemoglobin.
Codocytes
increased numbers of ____________ may be present with hepatic disease
codocytes
are red cells shaped like tear drops. They are considered artifactual if all points are oriented in the same direction.
Dacryocytes
have eccentric hemoglobin distribution due to annealing of a crescent of red cell membrane that excludes hemoglobin
eccentrocytes
are thought to be formed either as a result of erythrocyte dehydration or by expansion of the outer leaflet of the red cell membrane
Echinocytes
are red cells with an angular shape or short, blunt projections. They are often due to artifact, such as occurs w/ sample aging prior to smear preparation or excessive EDTA exposure
Echinocytes I
are spherical red cells with sharp projections of equal length that are evenly spaced on the surface of the red cell. They may be increased in animals with renal disease and/or electrolytes disturbances.
Echinocytes III
are oval to cigar-shaped red cells with projections of equal length that are evenly spaced on the surface on the red cell. They may be seen in cats with hepatobiliary disease are rare in other species.
Echinoelliptocytes
are oval to cigar-shaped cells. Red cells from Camelidae are normally elliptical
Elliptocytes
are red cells that have been leached of hemoglobin. They are evidence of intravascular hemolysis.
Ghost cells
refers to red cell pallor due to in adequate synthesis of hemoglobin.
Hypochromasia
are crescent-shaped cells cells. they are formed from mechanical shearing of the red cell. are often accompanied by schizocytes
Keratocytes
are thin, macrocytic red cells with a membrane surface area that exceeds hemoglobin content. They are sometimes seen with hepatic disease
Leptocytes
(left) are larger than normal red cells
macrocytes
(right) are smaller than normal red cells
microcytes
refers to red cells that appear blue-gray with Romanowsky dyes. They correspond to reticulocytes on blood films stained with supravital dyes.
Polychromasia
can be identified on blood films stained with supra-vital dyes. They correspond to polychromatophils on Romanowsky-stained smears.
Reticulocytes
are stacks of red cells
Rouleaux
are red cell fragments attributed to mechanical red cell injury/shearing
Schizocytes
(left) are small, dark, round RBCs that are formed by the removal of altered red cell membrane without concurrent loss of hemoglobin. Have no central pallor . They may be seen with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.
Spherocytes
is used when red cell shape defies description. Seen normal in calves, deer, goats, and pigs which may actually be an in vitro artifact
unclassified poikilocytosis
refers to diffuse blue speckling (w/ Romanowsky stains) within red cells
Basophilic stippling
are difficult to visualize with Romanowsky stains where they may be visible as eccentrically located refractile bodies or blebs on the periphery of the red cells
Heinz bodies
are small, round, dark purple, erythrocyte inclusions representing a portion of the otherwise extruded nucleus.
Nuclear remnants
are enumerated per 100 leukocytes. It may accompany a regenerative response when anemia is present, but should not be used as the only criterion of RBC regeneration.
Nucleated red blood cells
generally serve as carrier of hemoglobin
red blood cells
the latter in turn function as carrier of oxygen and carbon dioxide is known as a?
respiratory pigment
Erythrocyte destruction
✓ changes in membrane permeability and hemolysis
✓ phagocytosis of damaged erythrocytes
✓ fragmentation
term used to indicate changes in RBC shape
Poikilocytosis
variations in rbcs morphology
anisocytosis
normal biconcave disc. Degree of central pallor varies with species
Disocyte
Large erythrocyte. It release of immature cells in response to blood loss. Congenital in some POODLE dogs
Macrocyte
Diffuse blue erythrocytes on Wright’s-Giemsa stains. It release of immature cells in response to blood loss
Polychromasia
Erythrocyte containing precipitated strands of RNA with supravital stains. It release of immature cells in response to blood loss
Reticulocyte
Punctate precipitate in cytoplasm. It response to blood loss in ruminants; lead poisoning
Basophilic stippling
small, single, black staining, round inclusion in various locations within erythrocyte. It response to blood loss; splenic malfunction
Nuclear remnant
small erythrocyte and it’s disease associated is iron deficiency
microcyte
