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GM Final > Part 3 > Flashcards

Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The introduction of the euro by the EU resulted in multifaceted advantages that included ________.
A. fixed exchange rate worldwide
B. elimination of costs associated with currency conversion
C. withdrawal of French Francs from circulation
D. a choice for using local or European currency
E. elimination of paper currency and coins

A

B. elimination of costs associated with currency conversion

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2
Q 
Which of the following is the regional organization of oil-producing nations in the Middle East?
A. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
B. The Arab League (AL)
C. The Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
D. The Middle East Trade Union (METU)
E. The Arab Cooperation Council (ACC)
A

A. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

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3
Q

A key to conducting business in the Middle East is ________.
A. focusing on the company, not the individual
B. developing relationships
C. segmentation by religious affiliation
D. participation in the Arab Spring
E. standardization

A

B. developing relationships

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4
Q 
A key word(s) in conducting business in the Middle East is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. connections.
B. haggling
C. male dominance
D. red tape
E. discrimination
A

A. connections.

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5
Q

The key regional organization, commonly referred to as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), was established in 1981 by
A. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United States
B. Belgium, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates
C. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates
D. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates
E. Brazil, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates

A

C. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates

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6
Q

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the African Growth and Opportunities Act (AGOA) signed into law in 2000?
A. To create free trade among all African nations.
B. To create further support for the oil-producing nations of Africa.
C. To remove all trade tariffs from African countries to the United States.
D. To provide more foreign aid from the United States to developing African nations.
E. To encourage African nations to make progress toward economic liberalization.

A

E. To encourage African nations to make progress toward economic liberalization.

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7
Q 
Which of the following members of the South African Development Community (SADC) represents about seventy-five percent
A. Mozambique
B. Botswana
C. Angola
D. Namibia
E. South Africa
A

E. South Africa

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8
Q 
In the Middle East, what percent of the population is Muslim?
A. 25%
B. 95%
C. 60%
D. 80%
E. 10%
A

B. 95%

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9
Q

The African continent is an enormous landmass with a territory of 11.7 million square miles. It is not possible to treat Africa as a
single economic unit with ___ countries on the continent.
A. 22
B. 8
C. 32
D. 69
E. 54

A

E. 54

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10
Q

In 2000, U.S. President George W. Bush signed the African Growth and Opportunities Act under the theme of “Trade, not Aid.”
The law is primarily designed to support African nations that make significant progress toward ______________.
A. human rights
B. decreased imports
C. better education
D. economic liberalization
E. increased exports

A

D. economic liberalization

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11
Q

The Treaty of Lagos established ECOWAS and was signed in 1975. What does ECOWAS stand for?
A. Educating Citizens of West African States
B. Economic Community of West African States
C. Environmental Citizens of West African States
D. Economic Countries of West African Status
E. Economic Citizens of West African States

A

B. Economic Community of West African States

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12
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ includes both conscious and unconscious values, ideas, attitudes, and symbols that shape human behavior.
A. Material culture
B. Culture
C. Religion
D. Intellectual property
E. Conscious value
A

B. Culture

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13
Q 
Body adornment and competitive athletic sports are examples of which of the following?
A. Socio-culture
B. Material culture
C. Physical culture
D. Cultural universals
E. Abstract culture
A

D. Cultural universals

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14
Q

According to Hofstede’s view of culture as “the collective programming of the mind,” the cultural environment of a country is
BEST learned by studying which characteristics of people?
A. Degree of nationalism and economic community membership
B. Fast food culture and slow food culture
C. Attitudes, beliefs, and values
D. Production process and standards of measurement
E. Standard of living and stage of economic development

A

C. Attitudes, beliefs, and values

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15
Q

There is nothing inherently “good” or “bad” about any color of the spectrum and all associations and perceptions regarding color
arise from culture. Which one of the following statements is NOT accurate?
A. Red color is associated with “sharp” and “hot.”
B. Red is a popular color in most parts of the world.
C. Red color is highly preferred in some African countries.
D. Red color is associated with “active,” “vibrant,” and “emotional.”
E. Red color is tied to the traditions of viticulture and winemaking.

A

C. Red color is highly preferred in some African countries.

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16
Q 
Within each culture, there is an overall sense of what is beautiful and what is not. This is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. a value
B. an attitude
C. a subculture
D. a self-reference criterion
E. aesthetics
A

E. aesthetics

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17
Q 
When a marketer uses advertising to communicate the idea that people everywhere consume a particular brand, they are using
\_\_\_\_\_.
A. visual aesthetics
B. subcultures
C. semiotics
D. uncertainty avoidance
E. global consumer culture positioning
A

E. global consumer culture positioning

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18
Q

In a high-context cultural orientation, which of the following is of low importance?
A. An established inter-personal relationship
B. A person’s position or status
C. Punctuality
D. Allowing for personal space
E. Legal documents

A

E. Legal documents

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19
Q

Which of the following is most common in a low-context culture?
A. Explicit legal documentation
B. The status or position held by an individual
C. Shared feelings of obligation and honor between business associates
D. Emphasis on relationship-building and trust
E. Special attention to non-verbal communication

A

A. Explicit legal documentation

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20
Q

In undertaking business transactions, a characteristic that is prevalent in a low-context culture (such as the United States,
Switzerland, and Germany) is that _______.
A. major emphasis is on a person’s values and position in society
B. the messages are explicit and specific
C. the negotiations are long and protracted
D. a person’s word is his or her bond
E. less information is contained in verbal communication

A

B. the messages are explicit and specific

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21
Q 
Competitive bidding of contracts is more common in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Middle Eastern cultures
B. Japan
C. high-context cultures
D. low-context cultures
E. Saudi Arabia
A

D. low-context cultures

22
Q 
Lawyers are more important in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cultures.
A. Japanese
B. polychronic
C. Middle Eastern
D. high-context
E. low-context
A

E. low-context

23
Q 
In high-context cultures, time is best described as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. short
B. monochronic
C. common
D. linear
E. polychronic
A

E. polychronic

24
Q

Which of the following of Hofstede’s dimensions of culture can be applied to acquiring money and goods, but also valuing
relationships and concern for others?
A. Short-term/long-term orientation
B. High power-distance/low power-distance
C. Achievement/nurturing
D. High uncertainty avoidance/low uncertainty avoidance
E. Individualistic/collectivistic

A

C. Achievement/nurturing

25
Q 
According to Hofstede, a culture where people are open to new ideas and are willing to take risks is considered \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. high uncertainty avoidance
B. achievement oriented
C. high power-distance
D. low uncertainty avoidance
E. collectivistic
A

D. low uncertainty avoidance

26
Q

According to Geert Hofstede, social values suggest that the cultures of different nations can be compared in terms of five
dimensions. Which of the following is NOT identified as one of those dimensions?
A. Power distance
B. Nurturing
C. Uncertainty avoidance
D. Life status
E. Achievement

A

D. Life status

27
Q 
The Latin American saying "One doesn't live to work; one works to live!" reflects which of Hofstede's dimensions of culture?
A. Power distance
B. Short-term orientation
C. Nurturing
D. Achievement
E. Uncertainty avoidance
A

B. Short-term orientation

28
Q 
Two countries that score high in uncertainty avoidance on Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Denmark and Finland
B. Italy and Mexico
C. United States and Mexico
D. Ireland and Canada
E. France and Singapore
A

B. Italy and Mexico

29
Q 
Countries that exhibit a great deal of respect for those in authority score high in which of Hofstede's dimensions of culture?
A. Power distance
B. Collectivism
C. Uncertainty avoidance
D. Achievement
E. Individualism
A

A. Power distance

30
Q

Which of the following BEST defines the self-reference criterion?
A. The belief that all people hold the same values regardless of nationality.
B. The unconscious reference to one’s own cultural values.
C. Using our own culture as a benchmark for performance.
D. The belief that culture is not important in market analysis.
E. The belief that one’s own country has the best ideas.

A

B. The unconscious reference to one’s own cultural values.

31
Q

Which of the following steps of the framework designed to reduce the distortion from self-reference criterion (SRC) is most
critical?
A. Isolate the SRC influence and examine it carefully to see how it complicates the problem.
B. Define the goal in terms of market-country culture.
C. Create a standardized marketing strategy.
D. Define the goal in marketing terms.
E. Define the goal in terms of home-country culture

A

A. Isolate the SRC influence and examine it carefully to see how it complicates the problem.

32
Q

The lesson that SRC (Self-Reference Criterion) teaches can be summarized as:
A. perceptual blockage and distortion about cultures are hard to reduce.
B. unbiased perception is a vital and critical skill in global marketing.
C. prior success and ethnocentrism can override the SRC.
D. unconscious reference to one’s cultural values is critical in global marketing.
E. a person’s perception of market needs is framed by others cultural experience.

A

B. unbiased perception is a vital and critical skill in global marketing.

33
Q

Which of the following best sums up the experience of Walt Disney Company executives when creating Disney’s theme park in
Paris?
A. They exhibited a geocentric management orientation.
B. They miscalculated the rate of diffusion of innovations in Europe.
C. They fell victim to the self-reference criterion.
D. They had an unbiased perception of existing culture in Europe.
E. They were guided by the “think global, act local” principle.

A

C. They fell victim to the self-reference criterion.

34
Q

Which of the following is not listed as part of the systematic four-step framework to address the problem of Self-Reference
Criterion (SRC)?
A. Redefining the problem without the SRC influence and solving for the host-country market situation.
B. Defining the problem or goal in terms of host-country cultural traits, habits, and norms. Make no value judgments.
C. Undertaking a detailed survey of consumers from the home-country on their beliefs, attitudes, and
behaviors.
D. Defining the problem or goal in terms of home-country cultural traits, habits, and norms.
E. Isolating the SRC influence and examining it carefully to see how it complicates the problem.

A

C. Undertaking a detailed survey of consumers from the home-country on their beliefs, attitudes, and
behaviors.

35
Q

To avoid the SRC, an individual should avoid which of the following?
A. Accepting the influence of ethnocentrism
B. Be prepared to acquire new knowledge about human behavior
C. Suspending assumptions based on prior success
D. Suspending assumptions based on prior experience
E. Be prepared to acquire new knowledge about human motivation

A

A. Accepting the influence of ethnocentrism

36
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the first stage of Rogers' diffusion theory of an adoption process.
A. Trial
B. Adoption
C. Interest
D. Awareness
E. Evaluation
A

D. Awareness

37
Q 
Of the five adopter categories, which of the following would be the first to adopt a new idea or a new product?
A. Early adopters
B. Laggards
C. Late majority
D. Early majority
E. Innovators
A

E. Innovators

38
Q 
In diffusion theory, the first stage of the adoption process is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. interest
B. evaluation
C. adoption
D. awareness
E. trial
A

D. awareness

39
Q

Which of the following shows the correct order of the product adoption process?
A. Evaluation, trial, awareness, interest, adoption
B. Awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption
C. Trial, interest, evaluation, awareness, adoption
D. Interest, awareness, adoption, trial, evaluation
E. Adoption, evaluation, trial, interest, awareness

A

B. Awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption

40
Q 
The five characteristics of innovation are compatibility, complexity, divisibility, communicability, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. relative advantage
B. adoptability
C. aesthetics
D. life cycle
E. social outreach
A

A. relative advantage

41
Q 
The early majority and late majority adopter categories make up approximately what percentage of the potential market for a
new product?
A. 13.5
B. 34
C. 16
D. 68
E. 2.5
A

D. 68

42
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ reflects the extent to which products must be adapted to the culture-specific needs of different national markets.
A. Innovation
B. Cultural environmental conditioning
C. Environmental sensitivity
D. Cultural uniqueness
E. Nationalism
A

C. Environmental sensitivity

43
Q 
Which of the following categories of products is considered one with high environmental sensitivity?
A. Automobiles
B. Heavy equipment
C. Computer software
D. Food
E. Clothing
A

D. Food

44
Q 
The extent to which products must be adapted to the culture-specific needs of different national markets is known as
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. a global marketing plan
B. environmental sensitivity
C. environmental scanning
D. diffusion theory
E. uncertainty avoidance
A

B. environmental sensitivity

45
Q

The ________ the level of environmental sensitivity for a given product, the ________ the need for managers to address
country-specific economic, regulatory, technological, social, and cultural environmental conditions.
A. lower; lower
B. greater; greater
C. lower; greater
D. stronger; greater
E. greater; lower

A

B. greater; greater

46
Q 
Which of the following is arranged starting with the highest level of environmental sensitivity and ending with the lowest level?
A. Computers, food, integrated circuits
B. Integrated circuits, computers, food
C. Food, computers, integrated circuits
D. Integrated circuits, food, computers
E. Computers, integrated circuits, food
A

C. Food, computers, integrated circuits

47
Q

What are the two axes representing the sensitivity of products?
A. Environmental sensitivity and the degree for product adaptation needed
B. Environmental sensitivity and global effectiveness
C. Local responsiveness and global effectiveness
D. Price sensitivity and the degree for product adaptation needed
E. Price sensitivity and environmental sensitivity

A

A. Environmental sensitivity and the degree for product adaptation needed

48
Q 
Which of the following is NOT among the categories of political risk?
A. Social unrest
B. Bureaucracy
C. International disputes
D. Institutional effectiveness
E. Demographic changes
A

E. Demographic changes

49
Q 
Which of the following is an example of government seizure of assets without compensation?
A. Confiscation
B. Expropriation
C. Earnings stripping
D. Creeping expropriation
E. Nationalization
A

A. Confiscation

50
Q 
The governmental action to dispossess a foreign company or investor is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. arbitration
B. financial risk
C. a data breach
D. expropriation
E. licensing
A

D. expropriation

GM Final (10 decks)

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