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respiratory chapter 12 > part 3 > Flashcards

part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Elders more susceptible to

Aging result in a decrease of

Adult age 70 years and older have

A

upper respiratory system

-decrease cough reflex, higher risk for aspiration

Less elasticity in lungs

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2
Q

-Osteoporosis may cause what in older people

A

cause kyphosis which (impinges on lung expansion)

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3
Q

the total body water decrease

what happens when this happens

A

total body water lowers to 50% after age 70,

making mucous and respiratory membranes less moist and much thicker

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4
Q

connective tissue changes and loss of elastic tissue in the alveoli cause the

A

-Alveoli become baggy

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5
Q

the level of O2 decrease in older adults

A

-PO2 drops to 75-80 mmHg

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6
Q

decreased level of oxygen in the blood

A

Hypoxemia

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7
Q

Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood

A

Hypercapnia

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8
Q

Diffusion

movement of CO2 and O2 across alveolar-capillary membrane

A

Diffusion

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9
Q

Lung elasticity

A

Elastance

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10
Q

An insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues.

A

Hypoxia

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11
Q

delivery of fluid through blood vessels to body’s tissues

A

Perfusion

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12
Q

force working against passage of air major determinant is radius of the airway

A

Resistance

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13
Q

the movement of blood across the atria or ventricles of the heart

A

shunting

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14
Q

the ability of the lung to distend in response to changes in volume and pressure of inhaled air

____first increase and then _____ w/ the age as the lung become stiffer and chest wall more rigid

A

lung compliance

increase

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15
Q

a complex lipoprotein production by cells lining the alveoli, which lower surface tension w/in the alveoli

A

surfactant

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16
Q

what does the surfactant prevent

A

collapse of the lung by stabilizing the alveoli and decreasing capillary pressure

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17
Q

the movement of air from the external environment to the gas exchange unit of the lung and back to the environment

A

ventilation

18
Q

what can respiratory disorder

A

trauma or diseases

nerves controlling respiration

diffusion of O2 or CO2

19
Q

tobacco smoke
allergens
poisonous gases and other toxic substance can lead to

A

chronic inflammation
obstructive disease
tumors

20
Q

what are some Factors that Increase Risk for Respiratory Infection

what age has an increase risk for infection

A

Older than 65 years of age

Cigarette smoking

Residing in extended-care facilities

Chronic respiratory disorders (includes asthma)

Congenital or chronic cardiovascular disorders

Chronic renal disease

Diabetes mellitus or a chronic metabolic disorder

Compromised immune response

21
Q

Older than 65 years of age

Cigarette smoking

Residing in extended-care facilities

Chronic respiratory disorders (includes asthma)

Congenital or chronic
cardiovascular disorders

Chronic renal disease

Diabetes mellitus or a chronic metabolic disorder

Compromised immune response

A

are some Factors that Increase Risk for Respiratory Infection

22
Q

what are the two major types ventilatory disease

A

restrictive and obstructive

23
Q

are characterized by decreases lung capacity or complicance

A

restrictive disease

24
Q

Collapsed lung

A

pneumothorax

25
Q

pneumothorax diminishes lung surface which cause the neuromuscular to do what?
-which also causes the lung to do what ?

and some other type of neuromuscular

and some other type of lung disorder

A

neuromuscular disorders weaken the strength of the muscle respiration

increase stiffness and decrease lung volume

myasthenia gravis

pneumonia and atelectasis and fibrosis

26
Q

diseases are characterized by problem moving air into and out of the lung

A

obstructive disease

27
Q

narrowing of the opening in the tracheobronchial tree increase resistance to the flow of air make it difficult for

A

it makes it difficult for O2 to enter and contributing to air` trapping

and therefore exhalation is also difficult

28
Q

what are some example of obstructive lung disease

tumor in the lung can also

A

asthma
emphysema
and chronic bronchitis

obstruct airflow to the alveoli

29
Q

what are some way to Preventing Respiratory Disorders

number one way to prevent infection is ?

when should you stay out of crowds?

what should they refrain from (sean dads)?

what should they avoid if you know you have it ?

what should they maintain and get ?

A

Practice hand hygiene frequently.

Stay out of crowds, especially during cold and flu season.

Refrain from smoking.

Avoid known allergens as much as possible.

Maintain adequate nutrition and obtain sufficient rest; helps keep the immune system healthy.

30
Q

“five A’s” to quite smoking

A

ASK about Tobacco use

 ADVISE about the health benefits of quitting
.
 ASSESS readiness to quit
. 
ASSIST in creating a plan
. 
ARRANGE follow-up
31
Q

what help the pt identify the personal

A 
RELEVANCE
RISKS
REWARD
ROADBLOCK
REPEAT
32
Q

A complete CBC count, HCT and HGB is done to determine

A

any deficiency in the O2-carrying capacity of the blood

33
Q

what type test are usually order when the pt has lower respiratory tract problem that does not resolve quickly

A

Anterior-posterior

lateral chest radiograph

34
Q

what are you looking for when you are doing a visual examination of the nose, mouth, and thoart

A 
pallor
redness
swelling
polyps
mucus coca
35
Q

paranasal sinuses are assess for

A

observing for purulent discharge in the nares by palpating over the sinus area for tenderness

36
Q

how do Dx for sinus

A

radiographs are order

MRI

37
Q

what is the most common reason for culturing pharyngeal secretion

A

is to establish a definitive Dx of infection of Streptococcus pyogen= strep throat

38
Q

what test is taking when TB is suspected

And when is taking

A

Sputum testing for acid-fast bacilli

when the pt awaken in the morning

39
Q

pulmonary function test are useful in

A

screening for gross abnormalities in the respiratory system

40
Q

pt w/ asthma or copd use what type of meter

and what is the normal range

A

peak flowmeter

300 to 700L

41
Q

when tumor is suspected a lung biopsy may be obtained by

A

bronchoscopy or thoracoscopy

42
Q

what are you observing for when you have a thoracotomy done

and you should assess for what and what can you not give

and if surgery biopsy what are you monitoring for

A

sputum for blood and monitoring

you are assess gag flex and nothing by mouth

bleeding
SOB
infection

respiratory chapter 12 (5 decks)

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