Part 2 of antihypertensive

Question 1

the parasympathetic nervous system receptors are?

Answer 1

long-fibers, ACh (acetylcholine) neurotransmitter, long preganglionic and short postganglionic

Question 2

what are some organs that the parasympatheitc nervous system targets?

Answer 2

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Question 3

what is the first fiber that is released in sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 3

ACh

Question 4

what is released in the second fiber for sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 4

NE (Norepinephrine) neurotransmitter

Question 5

what is the neurotransmitter released at gangalia?

Answer 5

ACh

Question 6

what are some organs that are targeted by sympathetic

Answer 6

heart, blood vessels, skeletal muscle

Question 7

which fiber comes close to touching the target organ?

Answer 7

fiber in parasympathetic

Question 8

ganglia are located?

Answer 8

outside CNS (brain/spinal cord

Question 9

what is the sympathetic fibers?

Answer 9

short preganglionic and long postganglionic,
-ganglia are FAR from organ
-NEAR the spine

Question 10

what is the formula for cardiac output?

Answer 10

SV (stroke volume)xHR

Question 11

what is stroke volume?

Answer 11

amount of blood pumped out of the heart’s left ventricle

Question 12

BP forumla?

Answer 12

CO (amount of blood pumped in 1 min) x SVR (blood being pumped thru-out body)

Question 13

if high CO and SVR?

Answer 13

high blood pressure

Question 14

what are cardiac factors?

Answer 14

heart rate and contractility (isotropic)

Question 15

what are some factors for circulating volume?

Answer 15

salt (water follows salt, higher preload) and aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid- secreted by adrenal coretex)

Question 16

what drugs treat cardiac output?

Answer 16

beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, centrally acting adrenergics

Question 17

what drugs treats circulating volume?

Answer 17

ACE inhibitors and diuretics

Question 18

what raises your SVR?

Answer 18

hormones (vasodila/contric), peripheral sympathetic receptors (alpha and betas/ epinephrine/no), CNS, Local

Question 19

how to treat SVR if hormones affected?

Answer 19

vasodilators, prostaglandins, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, Angiotensin 2 blockers

Question 20

how do Prostaglandins Help Lower Blood Pressure?

Answer 20

Some prostaglandins help lower blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting sodium and water excretion.

Question 21

what receptors are blocked with drugs for the peripheral sympathetic receptors?

Answer 21

alpha 1 and beta blockers

Question 22

how to lower bp with CNS issues?

Answer 22

drug: centrally acting adrenergics (alpha 2: nerve terminals, smooth muscle, platelets)

Question 23

how to lower Local high bp?

Answer 23

peripherally acting adrenergics

Question 24

examples of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 24

benzothiazepines, dihydropyridines, phenylalklamines

Question 25

most common high bp drug?

Answer 25

beta blockers (blocking receptor on cell in sympathetic nervous system)

Question 26

what is the pathway of Renin-angiotensin?

Answer 26

starts in nephron: renin travels to liver--> tells it to turn Angiotesinogen to Angio. 1--> ACE turns Angio 1-2 in lungs--> Angio. 2 goes to adrenal cortex-> tells it to secrete aldosterone--> aldosterone lands on kidney--> tells it to SAVE sodium--> more water in blood--> high bp

Question 27

ACE inhibitor ends in?

Answer 27

-pril

Question 28

what ACE inhibitor can be given IV and PO?

Answer 28

Enalapril (Vasotec)

Question 29

ACE inhibitors cause?

Answer 29

dry cough

Question 30

the renin-angiotensin mechanism original goal is to?

Answer 30

raise your bp

Question 31

macula densa cells release what hormone?

Answer 31

renin

Question 32

where does the conversion of Angiotensinogen to 1 occur?

Answer 32

liver

Question 33

where does Angiotensinogen 1 become 2?

Answer 33

in lungs (COMMANDED BY ACE)

Question 34

what is Angiotensinogen 2?

Answer 34

vasoconstrictor (raises your SVR--> raise BP_

Question 35

what are ACE inhibitors

Answer 35

blocks formation of Angiotensinogen 2