Neuro

Question 1

central nervous system is?

Answer 1

the command center (processes info and sends instructions

Question 2

what does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 2

conscious/memory/speaking/lang.

Question 3

what does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 3

hearing/lang.

Question 4

occipital lobe does?

Answer 4

vision

Question 5

parietal lobe does?

Answer 5

proprioception, touch, smell

Question 6

what is cholinergic?

Answer 6

Increases GI (parasympathetic)

Question 7

Adrenergic is what?

Answer 7

decreases your GI (sympathetic)

Question 8

alpha 1 receptors do?

Answer 8

contraction (vasoconstriction) of blood vessels, dilation of pupil, increased contractility,

Question 9

alpha 2 receptors do?

Answer 9

limit control of transmitter release, cluster of platelets, contraction of smooth muscle

Question 10

beta 1

Answer 10

increased heart rate, contractility of heart

Question 11

what is chronotropic?

Answer 11

increased heart rate

Question 12

what is inotropic?

Answer 12

increased contracility

Question 13

what is beta 2

Answer 13

dilation of brochial smooth muscle, relaxation of uterus, activation of glycogenlysis (liver)

Question 14

what is the mu opioid receptor?

Answer 14

blocks pain (binds to receptor for pain)

Question 15

what are analgesis?

Answer 15

painkiller meds (DOES NOT cause loss of consciousness

Question 16

what specific drug should you not take alcohol with?

Answer 16

Analgesis

Question 17

acute pain?

Answer 17

sudden, (less than 6 weeks) usually subsides

Question 18

chronic pain lasts how long?

Answer 18

3 months

Question 19

what is somatic pain?

Answer 19

pain thats from skin, muscle, joints, bone

body tissue pain

Question 20

a cut to the skin is considered what type of pain?

Answer 20

somatic pain

Question 21

visceral pain?

Answer 21

organs/smooth muscle

Question 22

superficial pain?

Answer 22

skin and mucous membrane

Question 23

what is the treatment for superficial and visceral pain?

Answer 23

opioids

Question 24

referred pain?

Answer 24

pain felt in different location than ACTUAL pain

Question 25

what are the treatments for neuropathic pain?

Answer 25

Gabapentin and pregabalin

Question 26

what causes cancer pain?

Answer 26

pressure on nerves/tissue by TUMORS or hypoxia

Question 27

examples of psychogenic pain?

Answer 27

headaches, stomach/back pain, muscle aches

Question 28

what are the steps for nociception?

Answer 28

transduction, transmission, perception, modulation

Question 29

what travels in transduction?

Answer 29

action potential

Question 30

where does the signal go in transmission?

Answer 30

spinal cord and brain

Question 31

for step 2 of nociception, pain is transmitted from?

Answer 31

PNS to CNS

Question 32

what is released in modulation?

Answer 32

Neurotransmitters BLOCK pain impluse

Question 33

depolarization means?

Answer 33

neuron becomes +

Question 34

repolarization means?

Answer 34

nerve becomes negative again

Question 35

what is the inhibitor that stops pain?

Answer 35

prostaglandin

Question 36

what is released when tissue injury occurs?

Answer 36

bradykinin, HISTAMINE, potasium, prostaglandins

Question 37

what are the two types of fibers?

Answer 37

A and C

Question 38

A fiber has?

Answer 38

myelin, size: large, fast, sharp and localized pain

Question 39

C fibers are?

Answer 39

NO myelin sheath, small size, slow speed, dull and non-localized

Question 40

what are neurotransmitters?

Answer 40

chemical substances transported along neuron (under action potential)

Question 41

what are the two natural pain relievers

Answer 41

enkephalins, and endorphins

Question 42

efferent impulses are?

Answer 42

signals that are traveling AWAY from brain (exit- the brain)

Question 43

efferent causes the body to?

Answer 43

take action (motor)

Question 44

somatic system

Answer 44

body nerves

Question 45

autonomic controls?

Answer 45

body organs

Question 46

afferent impulses are?

Answer 46

towards the brain (arrive at brain)

Question 47

agonist binds to?

Answer 47

opioid receptor: reliving pain

Question 48

what do antagonist do to a pain receptor

Answer 48

does not reduce pain

Question 49

all opioids release?

Answer 49

histamine

Question 50

what is the antidote for opioids?

Answer 50

narcan (naloxone)

Question 51

what is narcan used for?

Answer 51

reversal of respiratory depression

Question 52

opioids cause what to old ppl?

Answer 52

disorientation

Question 53

what are some adverse effects for opioids?

Answer 53

hypotension, sedation, constipation respiratory depression

Question 54

physical dependence

Answer 54

withdrawl symptoms (bp going down)

Question 55

addiction is ?

Answer 55

a mental issue from habitual use

Question 56

constipation can lead to?

Answer 56

valsalva maneuver--> lead to cardiac arrest

Question 57

what is the range for morphine>

Answer 57

2mg to 10mg

Question 58

what are the side effects of morphine?

Answer 58

resp. depression, low bp, and ALOC (altered level of consciousness), constipation, n/v

Question 59

demerol can cause?

Answer 59

seizures (sz) and is stronger tha morphine

Question 60

methadone is used for?

Answer 60

heroin detox and (last resort to pain)

Question 61

when is fentanyl used?

Answer 61

very strong and used for post op (many routes)

Question 62

when should fentanyl patches should be changed?

Answer 62

after 3 days

Question 63

what is codeine used for?

Answer 63

cough (w/phenergan) and makes u sleep

Question 64

what drug is a sucky opioid?

Answer 64

codeine

Question 65

what system is affected by opioids?

Answer 65

CNS: brain and spinal cord

Question 66

aspirin is a?

Answer 66

antiplatelet

Question 67

Ultracet is?

Answer 67

APAP and tramadol

Question 68

what part of the brain controls temp?

Answer 68

hypothalamus

Question 69

nonopioid analesics example?

Answer 69

tylenol (APAP) -SAFE for preggy woman

Question 70

what are the side effects for APAP?

Answer 70

rash, n/v, blood disorder (dyscrasias), nephropathy

Question 71

snapse is?

Answer 71

connecting point for nerve cells

Question 72

NSAIDS block?

Answer 72

inflammation (cox inhibitor)

Question 73

what drug should u take with food?

Answer 73

NSAIDS (ex: motrin, advil)

Question 74

when tissue is damaged/inflammed what enzyme is invovled?

Answer 74

phospholipase--> arachidonic acid

Question 75

what is NSAID used for?

Answer 75

joint pain, arthritis, pain, inflammation (general low pain)

Question 76

1st pathway for arachindonic acid?

Answer 76

lipoxygenase--> leukotrienes

Question 77

effects of leukotrienes?

Answer 77

vasoconstriction--> vascular permeability (swelling/inflammation)

Question 78

2nd pathway for arachindonic acid?

Answer 78

cyclooxygenase (COX)-->prostacycline (vasodil. lower plat.) OR Throboxane (platelets and vasconstr.)

Question 79

what does NSAID do for older ppl (vitals)

Answer 79

higher bp

Question 80

what treats somatic pain?

Answer 80

NSAID's

Question 81

what does gabapentin do?

Answer 81

stabilizes nerve activity to reduce neuropathic pain