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Nursing Informatics > Part 2: Computer Systems > Flashcards

Part 2: Computer Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

A______ is a machine that uses electronic
components and instructions to the components
to perform:
a. Calculations
b. Repetitive and complex procedures
c. Process text
d. Manipulate data and signals

A

computer

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2
Q

_____ has evolved from huge,
room sized electronic calculators developed
with military funding during World War II to
palm sized machines.

A

Computer technology

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3
Q

The basic hardware of a computer composes
the computer’s architecture, and includes:
a.
b.

A

Electronic circuits

Microchips, processors

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4
Q

The basic hardware of a computer composes
the computer’s architecture, and includes:
c.
d.

A 
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read
Only Memory (ROM)
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5
Q

The basic hardware of a computer composes
the computer’s architecture, and includes:
e.

A

Graphic and sound cards

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6
Q 
These are attached to a component
called a motherboard, a square or
rectangular board with circuits into which
are plugged the main electronics of the
computer.
A

Computer Hardware

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7
Q

Devices that may be inside the computer case
but are not part of the architecture include:
a.
b.

A

Main storage device (which is usually an
internal hard drive)
Cooling system

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8
Q

Devices that may be inside the computer case
but are not part of the architecture include:
c.
d.

A

Modem.

Ethernet connectors

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9
Q

Devices that may be inside the computer case
but are not part of the architecture include:
e.
f.

A

Optical drives

Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors

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10
Q

Devices that may be inside the computer case
but are not part of the architecture include:
g.

A

Multi format media card readers

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11
Q

Devices attached or linked to a computer
that are______ to the main computer
box are part of the system’s hardware:

A

peripheral

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12
Q

Parts of a computer hardware (Peripheral)

A

a. Input and output devices - including the
keyboard, touch screen, mouse, printer, and fax
b. Storage components - such as external hard
drives, thumb drives, floppy drives, tape drives,
sound systems (earphones, microphones,
speakers, subwoofers)
c. Computer monitor

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13
Q

The group of required and optional hardware
items that are linked together to make up a
computer system is called a ______.

A

configuration

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14
Q

A thin, flat sheet made of a
firm, nonconducting material on which the
internal components printed circuits, chips,
slots, and so on of the computer are mounted.

A

motherboard

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15
Q

Electric conducting lines are etched or soldered

onto the bottom of the ____

A

motherboard

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16
Q

3 types of computer memories

A

Random Access Memory
Read Only Memory
Cache

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17
Q

Refers to working memory used for primary

storage.

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

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18
Q

Also known as main memory

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

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19
Q

Can be
accessed, used, changed, and written on
repeatedly.

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

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20
Q

Is the work area available to the CPU for

all processing applications.

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

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21
Q

When a user clicks on a program icon, the
computer loads all or part of the program into
_____ where it can be accessed very quickly.

A

RAM

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22
Q

RAM is called _______because
everything in RAM unloads (is lost) when the
computer is turned off.

A

volatile memory

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23
Q

Its contents are erased whenever the
power to the computer is turned off and made
ready for new programs when the computer is
turned on again.

A

RAM

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24
Q

It is a form of permanent storage on the

computer.

A

Read Only Memory (ROM)

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25
Q

It carries instructions that allow the computer
to be booted (started), and other essential
machine instructions.

A

Read Only Memory (ROM)

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26
Q

Data and programs in _____ can only be read by the

computer, and cannot be erased or altered by users.

A

ROM

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27
Q

______generally contains the programs, called firmware, used by the control unit of the CPU to oversee computer functions.

A

ROM

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28
Q

______storage is not erased when the computer is

turned off.

A

ROM

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29
Q

A smaller form of RAM.

A

Cache

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30
Q

Its purpose is to speed up processing by storing
frequently called items in a small, rapid access
memory location.

A

Cache

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31
Q

Prior to its development all
information had to be fetched from the hard
drive, and then stored in RAM.

A

Cache

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32
Q

Keeping information that will be used
frequently in ______ greatly reduces the amount
of time needed to move data around among
the memory locations.

A

cache

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33
Q

It is a relatively inexpensive way to increase the

speed of the computer.

A

cache

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34
Q

These devices allow the computer to receive

information from the outside world.

A

Input Devices

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35
Q

The most common input devices are the

__and ____.

A

keyboard

mouse

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36
Q

Others commonly seen on nursing workstations
include the touch screen, light pen, voice, and
scanner.

A

Input Devices

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37
Q

A_____ is actually both an input and

output device combined.

A

touch screen is

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38
Q

A____is a device attached to the computer
that has special software that allows the
computer to sense when the light pen is
focused on a particular part of the screen.

A

light pen

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39
Q

Some devices are used for security and can
detect users’ fingerprints, retinal prints,
voiceprints, or other personally unique physical
characteristics that identify users who have
clearance to use the system.

A

Input Devices

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40
Q

___ placed on a patient’s body provide
input into the computerized physiologic
monitors.

A

electrodes

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41
Q

oximetry device placed on a patient’s finger
uses ____ to detect impulses which are
sent to a computer and then interpreted as
oxygen levels in the blood.

A

light waves

42
Q

These devices allow the computer to report its

results to the external

A

Output Devices

43
Q

Defined as any equipment that translates the
computer information into something readable
by people or other machines world.

A

Output Devices

44
Q

The most obvious output devices are the

___and __.

A

monitor (display screen)

printer

45
Q

____ are output devices recording
and displaying heart rhythm patterns, and
initiating alarms when certain conditions are
met.

A

Heart monitors

46
Q

______ output include both
images on a screen and fluids infused into the
patient’s body.

A

Volumetric infusion pumps

47
Q

It is a peripheral that has very high speed and

high density.

A

Hard Drive

48
Q

It is a very fast means of storing and retrieving
data as well as having a large storage capacity
in comparison with the other types of storage.

A

Hard Drive

49
Q

Is the main storage device of a

computer.

A

hard drive

50
Q

____ drives are not portable; they are

plugged directly into the motherboard.

A

Internal hard

51
Q

In 1990 most personal computers came with

about ___megabytes.

A

500

52
Q

In 2014, most personal computers are sold with

about a ___ of storage.

A

terabyte (1k GB)

53
Q

On the biggest computers, storage is measured
in ____, which is an almost
unimaginably huge number.

A

petabytes (1M GB)

54
Q

A form of a small,
removable hard drive that is inserted into the
USB port of the computer.

A

USB Flash Drive

55
Q

Names for USB flash drive (4)

A

pen drive,
jump drive
thistle drive
pocket drive.

56
Q

Can store so much data in a package so much
smaller than a CD or DVD, the convenience
makes it worth the slightly higher price to many
users.

A

USB Flash Drive

57
Q

Include Compact Disks (CDs), Digital Versatile

Disks (DVDs), and Blu Ray.

A

Optical Media

58
Q

___and ___are rigid disks that hold a
higher density of information and have higher
speed.

A

CD ROMs

DVDs

59
Q

Until the late 1990s, CD ROMs were strictly
input devices, CD ROMs were designed to
store sound and data, and held about ___
megabytes of information and large laser
writers were required to store data on them.

A

737

60
Q

As technology advanced and people wanted to
store motion pictures on computer readable
media, ____were developed and they held
approximately 4.3 gigabytes of information,
which will handle a regular 2 hour movie

A

DVDs

61
Q

Media moved to the even higher storage
capacity of____ which store
approximately 27 gigabytes of information or
the equivalent of a 2 hour high definition movie.

A

Blu Ray discs

62
Q

___ Blu Ray discs can store 54
gigabytes or 4.5 hours of high definition motion
picture media.

A

Double layer

63
Q

An extension of the online storage service

offered by individual vendors.

A

Cloud Storage

64
Q

Data stored in the “Cloud” is still stored on

commercial computers called ____

A

servers.

65
Q

Physically, enormous numbers of servers that
store data are located in buildings, many
warehouse sized

A

Data Centers.

66
Q

Is far more secure and reliable

than a personal hard drive or backup drives.

A

Cloud storage

67
Q

4 Major types of Computers

A

Supercomputers
Mainframe Computers
Microcomputers
Handheld Computers

68
Q

The largest type of computer.

A

Supercomputers

69
Q

First developed by Seymour Cray in 1972.

A

Supercomputers

70
Q

A _____ is a computational oriented
computer specially designed for scientific
applications requiring a gigantic amount of
calculations which, to be useful, must be
processed at superfast speeds.

A

supercomputer

71
Q

Are used primarily in such
work as defense and weaponry, weather
forecasting, advanced engineering and physics,
and other mathematically intensive scientific
research applications and are huge and
expensive.

A

Supercomputers

72
Q

The most common fast, large, and expensive
type of computer used in large businesses
(including hospitals and other large healthcare
facilities) for processing, storing, and retrieving
data.

A

Mainframe Computers

73
Q

It is a large multiuser central computer that
meets the computing needs large and medium
sized public and private organizations.

A

Mainframe Computers

74
Q

Are used for processing the large
amount of repetitive calculations involved in
handling billing, payroll, inventory control, and
business operations computing.

A

Mainframe Computers

75
Q

The machines and software that process
transactions in high volume businesses are known
as _____.

A

transaction processing systems (TPS)

76
Q

Transaction processing systems (TPS) are

A

Mainframe Computers

77
Q

Always have very high processing
speeds (calculated in millions of processes per
second, or MIPS, or in floating point operations per
second, or FLOPS)

A

Mainframe Computers

78
Q

While mainframe computers provide critical
service to the healthcare industry, much smaller
computers are also an essential part of
healthcare computing systems these are called

A

Microcomputers (PCs)

79
Q

Are also found in educational
and research settings, where they are used to
conduct a multitude of special educational and
scientific functions.

A

Microcomputers (PCs)

80
Q

____ can serve as stand alone
workstations and can be linked to a network
system to increase their capabilities.

A

Desktops

81
Q

Desktops are

A

Microcomputers (PCs)

82
Q

These computers on carts are often referred to

as ____ or _______

A

“WOWs” for workstation on wheels

“COWs” for computer on wheels

83
Q

Small, special function computers, although a
few “full function” handheld computers were
introduced in the late 1990s.

A

Handheld Computers

84
Q

More popular handheld computers are the palm sized computers,
including _____
which are the smallest of the handheld
computers.

A

personal digital assistants (PDAs),

85
Q

Is a very small special function
handheld computer which provides calendar,
contacts, and note taking functions, and may
provide word processing, spreadsheet, and a
variety of other functions.

A

personal digital assistant (PDA)

86
Q 
The three most common platforms for Handheld computers are the
Apple Corporation’s \_\_and \_\_\_\_using the
iOS operating system, smartphones, and
tablets using the \_\_\_\_\_operating system
(owned by Google Corporation), and the
\_\_\_\_\_operating system for smartphones
and tablets from Microsoft Corporation.
A

iPhone
iPad
Android
Windows

87
Q

____among various hardware

devices cannot be assumed.

A

Communication

88
Q

Different computers have different
____, hardware ______, and
different storage ______.

A

architectures
configurations
schemes

89
Q

The size of a variety of
computer functions and components is
measured by how many bytes they can handle
or store at one time.

A

Bits and Bytes

90
Q

The _____ is an important factor in

the amount of work a computer can handle.

A

size of memory

91
Q

____is another key measure in

the power of a computer.

A

Large main memory

92
Q

_____ has also become an important variable
in computer power and thus in advertising the
power of computers.

A

Cache

93
Q

Another important selling point of a computer is
the _____ that is installed in the
box.

A

size of the hard drive

94
Q

The first hard drives sold for microcomputers in
the 1970s were ____ ____ that stored
about 1,500 kilobytes.

A

external deviceS

95
Q

By 2014, most home and laptop computers
were advertised with 1 to 2 _____hard
drives.

A

terabyte

96
Q 
There are four types of cycles, or operations of
a CPU, include:
(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4)
A

Fetch
Decode
Execute
Store

97
Q

The CPU speed is measured in _____ which is called the clock speed of the
computer.

A

cycles per

second

98
Q

One million cycles per second is called_____

A

1 megahertz (MHz).

99
Q

A billion cycles per second is called ___

A

1 gigahertz

100
Q

Is a set of cooperative
interconnected computers for the purpose of
information interchange.

A

Network

101
Q

The networks of greatest interest_______, ________), and the ___, which is a network of
networks.

A 
include local
area networks (LANs)

wide area networks
(WANs)

Internet

102
Q

For a computer to participate on a network, it
must have at least two pieces of hardware:
a.
b.

A

Network adapter or network interface card (NIC)
Communication medium (cabling) considering
Distance, amount of data transferred, how often is
the transfer and availability.

Nursing Informatics (8 decks)

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