Part 1: Intro to Nursing Informatics Flashcards
Referred to the field of applied computer science.
Nursing Informatics
Concerned with the processing of information such as nursing information.
Nursing Informatics
First introduced into healthcare facilities in the 1960s.
Computers
For the processing of basic administrative tasks; is an essential tool in Healthcare Information Technology (HIT) systems.
Computers
Refers to technology that captures health information
Health Information Technology
Refers to technology that processes health information
Health Information Technology
Refers to technology that generates health information
Health Information Technology
What time period?
A few experts formed a cadre to adapt computers to healthcare and nursing.
Before 1960s
What time period?
Computers in healthcare were used for administrative and accounting functions.
Before 1960s
What time period?
Use of computer technology began to be explored
1960s
What time period?
Studies were conducted to determine how computer technology could be utilized.
1960s
What time period?
The nurses’ station was viewed as the most appropriate center for the development of computer applications.
1960s
What time period?
The mid___ presented nurses with new opportunities for computer use.
1960s
What time period?
Increased time devoted to documentation and a rise in medication errors prompted the investigation of emerging computer based information systems.
1960s
Hospitals began developing computer based information systems which initially focused on: (1) Physician order entry (2) Results reporting (3) Pharmacy (5) Radiology reports (6) Information for financial and managerial purposes (7) Physiologic monitoring systems in the intensive care units
1970s
What time period? A few systems started to include: (1) Care planning (2) Decision support (3) Interdisciplinary problem lists
1970s
What time period?
Nurses were often involved in implementing systems.
1970s
What time period?
Interest in computers and nursing began to emerge in public and home health and education.
1970s
What time period?
Conferences helped public and home health
nurses:
(1) Understand the importance of nursing data and their relationship to new Medicare and Medicaid legislation.
(2) Provide information on the usefulness of computers for capturing and aggregating home health and public health information.
1970s
What time period?
Hospitals and public health agencies embarked on investigating computers and nursing.
1970s
What time period?
The opportunity to improve education using computer
technology also began.
1970s
What time period?
Early nursing networks helped to expand nursing awareness of computers and the impact HIT could have on practice.
1970s
What time period?
The Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health
implemented the Technicon Medical Information System (TDS) computer system.
1970s
TDS one of the earliest clinical information systems (called _____& ____).
Eclipsys
Allscripts
Was the first system to include nursing practice protocols.
Technicon Medical Information System (TDS)
What time period?
The field of nursing informatics exploded and became visible in the healthcare and nursing
1980s
What time period?
The nursing profession needed to update its practice standards and determine its data standards, vocabularies, and classification schemes that could be used for the computer based patient record systems
1980s
What time period?
Many mainframe healthcare information systems (HISs) emerged with nursing subsystems
1980s
What time period?
The microcomputer or personal computer (PC) emerged during
this period.
1980s
What time period?
The first Nursing Special Interest Group on Computers met for the first time during SCAMC (Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care)
1980s
What time period?
The ANA approved the formation of the Council on
Computer Applications in Nursing (CCAN).
1980s
What time period?
CCAN became a very powerful force in integrating computer applications into the nursing profession.
1980s
The first edition of Essentials of Nursing Informatics was published in _____
1986
What time period?
Legislative activity in the mid
____ paved the way for
electronic health records through the Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of …
1990s
1996
What time period?
The complexity of technology, workflow analysis, and regulations shaped new roles in nursing
1990s
What time period?
The ANA recognized nursing informatics as a new nursing specialty separate Scope of Nursing Informatics Practice Standards, and also established a specific credentialing examination for it
1990s
What time period?
The demand for nursing informatics (NI) expertise increased
1990s
What time period?
The ANA developed the Nursing Information and Data Set Evaluation Standards (NIDSEC) to evaluate and Recognize nursing technology rapidly changed in the ____
1990s
What time period?
PCs became smaller
1990s
What time period?
Computer notebooks became affordable
1990s
What time period?
Computers were linked through networks
1990s
What time period?
The Internet became mainstream
1990s
What time period?
The World Wide Web (WWW) increased access to information
1990s
What time period?
The World Wide Web (WWW) increased access to information
1990s
Its purpose is to guide the
development and selection of nursing systems that included
standardized nursing terminologies integrated throughout the
system.
Information systems
What time period?
More healthcare information became digitalized and newer technologies emerged
2000s
In 2004 an Executive Order 13335 (1) Established the _______ for Healthcare Information Technology
Office of the National Coordinator (ONC)
In 2004 an Executive Order 13335 (2) Issued a recommendation calling for all healthcare providers to
adopt interoperable______ by 2014/2015
electronic health records (EHRs)
What time period?
Wireless, point of care, regional database projects, and increased IT solutions proliferated
2000s
What time period?
The use of bar coding and radio
frequency identification (RFID)
emerged as a useful technology
2000s
What time period?
Smaller mobile devices with wireless or Internet access increased access to information for nurses within hospitals and in the community
2000s
What time period?
Smaller mobile devices with wireless or Internet access increased access to information for nurses within hospitals and in the community
2000s
What time period?
The development and refinement of voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) provided voice cost effective communication
2000s
What time period?
The Internet provided a means for development of clinical applications
2000s
What time period?
The nursing informatics research agenda promoted the integration of nursing care data in HIT systems that would also generate data for analysis, reuse, and aggregation
2000s
What time period?
The impact of the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS)
demonstrated that continued consensus and effort was needed to bring to fruition the vision and implementation of minimum nursing data into clinical practice
2010s
What time period?
A new nursing informatics research agenda for 2008 -2018 emerged as critical for this specialty (NMDS)
2010s
What time period?
Anew agenda is built on one originally developed and published by the National Institute for Nursing Research (NINR) in 1993
2010s
During 2010, the ONC convened two national committees:
(1) National Committee on Health Policy
(2) National Committee on Health Standard
Outlined and designed the focus for the “Meaningful Use” (MU) legislation
National Committee on Health Standards
What time period?
Meaningful Use was designed to be implemented in at least three stages
2010s
What time period?
CMS may even penalize eligible providers and facilities who don’t meet the proposed MU criteria
2010s
What time period?
As the MU requirements increase they will impact on the role of the NI experts in hospitals
2010s
What time period?
MU requirements ultimately on the roles of all nurses in the inpatient facilities, making NI an integral component of all professional nursing services
2010s
Consists of the regulations which built onto each other with the ultimate
goal of implementing a complete an interoperable EHR and/or HIT system
in all US hospitals
Meaningful Use
In 2011/2012 MU Stage 1 was initiated focusing primarily on the______ Initiative for
physicians
Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)
In 2012/2013 MU Stage 2 was introduced focusing Primarily on the implementation of _____
Quality Indicators
Are used to guide hospitals in patient
safety and if not implemented used as indicators subject to financial penalties
Quality Indicators
The _____ plans to increase reimbursement for the implementation of “MU” regulations in their HIT and/or EHR systems through 2015
Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
In a ______Consumers are encouraged to be active partners in their care
consumer centric healthcare system
There is a shift to a ______ due to
escalating costs
consumer centric healthcare system
In a _____A variety of technologies have evolved to enable consumers to have access to their health information
consumer centric healthcare system
In a _____Consumers are more literate regarding healthcare information literacy and expect to become more involved in managing their own health
consumer centric healthcare system
In a _____Consumers can choose whether to share this across healthcare providers and settings
consumer centric healthcare system
In a _____Personal health records multiplied as either stand alone
systems or those tethered to EHRs
consumer centric healthcare system
______ took a post doctoral fellowship in medical informatics at the University of Washington.
____ followed a year later for his training at the
National Library of Medicine.
Dr. Herman Tolentino
Dr. Alvin Marcelo
_____went to Coventry for his Masters in Information Sciences at the University of Warwick.
Dr. Cito Maramba
Were later followed by other physicians such as Dr. Micheal Muin and Dr. Ryan Bañez .
In 1999, a study group was formed headed by the National Institute of Health of the University of the Philippines Manila. This group identified international standards for health information and their adaptability in the Philippines. The document is referred to as the
“Standards of Health Information in the Philippines, 1999 version” or “SHIP99”.
The ______ and its founders had strong influence in the development of health informatics in the Philippines. The PMIA was officially registered under the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1996 by its board composed of eleven physicians. The organization was headed by Dr. Alvin Marcelo.
Philippine Medical Informatics Society (PMIS)
Early in 2009, Mr. Kristian R. Sumabat and Ms. Mia Alcantara Santiago, both nurses and graduate students of Master of Science in Health Informatics at the University of the Philippines, Manila began drafting plans to create a nursing informatics organization. In February 2010, they began recruiting
other nursing informatics specialists and practitioners to organize a group which later became as the _______
Philippine Nursing Informatics Association.
PNIA’s CORE X strategic platform stands for :
Competency, Organization, Recognition, Experience and Expertise.
A ___is a scholarly, organized view of some aspect of the world (reality)
theory
____can describe, explain, predict, or prescribe selected phenomena within this reality
Theories
The concepts within a theory are ___
interrelated
Testing of these relationships through research is how ____gain or lose supporting evidence
theories
A _____ needs theories to build evidence for the existence of a unique body of knowledge
profession
Theories can be classified as:
grand , middle range , and situation specific or
practice theories
___ theories are broad in scope and the most complex of the three
classifications
Grand
____ theories are the most specific of the three
Practice
These theories usually provide prescriptions or directions for practitioners
Practice theories
___ theories are somewhere in the middle of these two ends they are more specific than grand theories but not as prescriptive as practice theories
Middle range
_____ are about nursing practice a nurse’s interactions or relationships with individuals, groups, or communities (also known as patients
or clients) focused on applying the nursing process.
Nursing theories
Patricia Benner and other nurse educators adapted this model to explain how nursing students and professional nurses acquired nursing skills.
Novice to Expert
_____ is the study of algorithms for solving computation problems.
Computer science
_______ focuses on the gathering, manipulation, classification, storage, and retrieval of recorded knowledge.
Information science
____uses core concepts and additional principles developed since then to analyze information transfer and the effectiveness and efficiency of communications.
Communication theory
___ is the study of the mind of how we think and it looks at our mental activities and processes.
Cognitive Science
___relates to the properties of systems as a whole, focuses on the organization and interdependence of relationships within a system.
Systems theory
The study of behavior the processes driving actions is the focus of the _______
Behavioral and Social sciences
___processes entail not only structures and ways of doing tasks, but also the performance, expectations, and perceptions of all involved parties.
Change
___ is a process of acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values through study, experience, or teaching.
Learning
___ where organizations are examined, using the
methods drawn from economics, sociology, political science, anthropology, and
psychology.
Organizational Behavior
___ uses mathematics and other analytical methods to help make better decisions, generally in a business context.
Management science
_____ is a social science field that focuses on the nature of groups.
Group dynamics
_____ are representations of some aspect of the real world.
Models
The foundations of nursing informatics are the ___ and _____ models.
core phenomena
nursing informatics
___are data, information, knowledge, and wisdom and the transformations that each of these undergo.
Core phenomena
It is important to remember that different models reflect different viewpoints
and are not necessarily competitive, that is, there is no one ____model.
right
Their model placed data, information, and knowledge in sequential boxes with one way arrows pointing from data to information to knowledge.
Graves and Corcoran (1989)
The model is a direct depiction of their definition of nursing informatics.
Graves and Corcoran (1989)
A model of nursing informatics intended to stimulate and guide systematic research in this discipline.
Patricia Schwirian
Four elements of Patricia Schwirian’s model are:
(nursing
related information)
(a computing system comprised of hardware and software)
(nurses, students)
(toward which the preceding elements are directed)
1) Raw material
(2) Technology
(3) Users surrounded by context
(4) Goal (or objective)
MANAGEMENT, DATA, INFORMATION, and KNOWLEDGE (what model?)
Grave and Concoran’s Model
GOAL, USERs, TECHNOLOGY, MATERIALS (what model?)
Schwiran’s Model
Who’s model? In which the core components of informatics (cognitive science, information science, and computer science) are depicted as intersecting
circles.
James P. Turley (1996)
Nursing science is a larger circle that completely encompasses the intersecting circles. Who’s model?
James P. Turley (1996)
Nursing informatics is the intersection between the discipline specific science (nursing) and the area of informatics.Who’s model?
James P. Turley (1996)
COGNITIVE SCIENCE, INFORMATION SCIENCE, COMPUTER SCIENCE, NURSING SCIENCE, INFORMATICS (who’s model?)
James P. Turley (1996)
The base of this model shows data and information distributed randomly.
McGonigle and Kathleen Mastrian’s Foundation of Knowledge Model
The ____ represent acquisition, generation, and dissemination of knowledge. (McGonigle and Kathleen Mastrian’s Foundation of Knowledge Model)
upward cones
____ is represented by the intersections of these three cones. (McGonigle and Kathleen Mastrian’s Foundation of Knowledge Model)
Knowledge processing
Circling and connecting all of the cones is___. (McGonigle and Kathleen Mastrian’s Foundation of Knowledge Model)
feedback
A conceptual model that presents the link between technology and caring in nursing as coexisting harmoniously.
Technological competency as caring in nursing: A Model for Practice
Proponent of Technological competency as caring in nursing: A Model for Practice
Rozzano C. Locsin
Proponent of Technological competency as caring in nursing: A Model for Practice
White Circle:
Client/Patient/Person
Proponent of Technological competency as caring in nursing: A Model for Practice
Striped Circle:
Technological Knowing
Proponent of Technological competency as caring in nursing: A Model for Practice
Black Circle:
Participative Engaging
Proponent of Technological competency as caring in nursing: A Model for Practice
Gray Circle:
Designing
