[Part 2]- C5- Chemical changes ⚗️ Flashcards
acid + carbonate———>
acid + [metal] carbonate———> salt + water + carbon dioxide
acid + base——->
- acid + base——-> salt + water
- [This is also known as a neutralisation reaction.]
acid + metal——>
acid + metal———> salt + hydrogen [gas]
acid + alkali——>
acid + alkali———> salt + water
What type of salt is produced, when hydrochloric acid reacts with metal ?
- hydrochloric acid, produces salts that end in the word -chloride
What type of salt is produced, when sulfuric acid reacts with a metal ?
- hydrochloric acid, produces salts that end in the word -sulfate
How does magnesium react with hydrochloric acid ?
Hint: why ?
- hydrochloric acid + magnesium—-> magnesium chloride + hydrogen
- magnesium reacts rapidly with acids, because magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen
- therefore it can easily displace hydrogen from acids.
What is the equation for how magnesium reacts with sulfuric acid ?
- sulfuric acid + magnesium——> magnesium sulfate + hydrogen.
How does zinc react with hydrochloric acid ?
- hydrochloric acid + zinc—-> zinc chloride + hydrogen.
- zinc reacts rapidly with acids since, is more reactive than hydrogen- therefore it can easily displace hydrogen from acids.
What is the equation for the reaction of zinc and hydrochloric acid?
- zinc + hydrochloric acid——> zinc sulfate + hydrogen.
How does iron react with hydrochloric acid ?
- hydrochloric acid + iron—> iron chloride + hydrogen.
- iron reacts slowly with acids.
- This is because although iron is more reactive than hydrogen, it’s only slightly more reactive= therefore the reaction will be slower.
What is the equation for the reaction bewteen sulfuric acid and hydrogen ?
Hint: iron
- sulfuric acid + iron ——> iron sulfate + hydrogen.
What is the rate of reaction with dilute acids ?
Hint: zinc
- magnesium- has a very rapid reaction and easily forms Mg2+
- zinc- has a quite rapid reaction and quite easily forms Zn2+
- ; iron- has a slow reaction, and less easily forms the positive ion Fe2+
What happens when we react an acid, with a base or alkali ?
Hint: what are the products ?
- when we react an acid with a base or alkali, we make a salt and water.
What do salts contain ? 🧂
Hint: ion
- salts contain a positive ion- this comes from the base or alkali.
- salts also contain a negative ion- this comes from the acid.
What does sulfuric acid produce ?
- sulfuric acid produces sulfates
What does hydrochloric acid produce ?
- nitric acid produces nitrates
What happens when acids react with a metal carbonate ?
- when acids acids react with a metal carbonate, they make: a salt, a water and carbon dioxide.
What is a strong acid ?
- a strong acid completely dissociates/ionises in aqueous solutions
What are some examples of strong and weak acids
- strong acids:
- sulfuric acid
- nitric acid
- and hydrochloric acid
- weak acids:
- ethanoic acid
- citric acid
- carbonic acid
What is a weak acid ?
- weak acids partially dissociates/ionises in aqueous solutions.
- a weak acid can be identified by this reversible reaction symbol: ⇌
What the difference 🆚 a strong and weak acid ?
- a strong acid completely dissociates/ionises in aqueous solutions; - weak acids partially dissociates/ionises in aqueous solutions.
How can the pH scale give us an idea of the concentration, of hydrogen ions [H+]?
Hint: strong
- strong acids have a lower pH, than weak acids, for a given concentration.
- this is because they fully dissociate/ionise, producing a greater concentration of hydrogen ions, than weak acids.
What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions, if the pH scale decreases by one unit ?
- if the pH scale decreases by one unit, the concentration of hydrogen ions increases by ten times. [by a factor of 1.0- known as one order of magnitude]
- and if the concentration of hydrogen ions decreases by a factor of 10, the pH increases by a factor of 1.0
