Part 2 Flashcards
Validity
does the test measure what it says it is going to measure
Predictive Validity
will this test be able to predict how a person will perform or how they will behave
Construct Validity
does the test accurately access a specific concept.
Example: if a test says it is going to measure depression, does it just measure depression
Discriminant Validity
this test should not correlate with tests that measure other concepts
Criterion Validity
does the test correlate with other test that measure the same thing
Example: if the test measures depression, does it correlate with other studies of depression
Behavioral Validity
validity based on actual behavior
Structured questionnaire
“clear cut scoring system”
Do you prefer to spend time alone or spend time with friends?
specific
Unstructured questionnaire
Open ended questions
“Tell me about yourself”
Projective Tests
no clear cut scoring system
Productive Test
what’s going on with the mind on an unconscious level
Rorschach (projective test)
“ink blot test” 10 inkblots, 5 black and white, 5 colored. “What might this be.” Psychologist will proceed to write exactly what the patient is saying.
TAT (projective test):
comprised of 20 sketches, patient is asked to tell a story based on what they see off the sketches.
Sentence Completion (projective test)
“My mother was always…” patient then completes the sentence which is then analyzed
Draw a person (projective test)
Mental Status Exam
assesses mental status, alertness, level of consciousness, ability to function intellectually and cognitively
Example: “who was the president before Obama”, “if you go out of town on a friday and come back two days later, what day is it?”
Neuropsychological Testing
Tests for impairments in memory, learning abilities, attention span, language
Bender-Gestalt
on a sheet of paper are 9 different designs, the patient is then asked to copy the designs on another piece of paper
Halstead-Reitan
assess brain damage, their perceptual thinking, ability to think it through.
Luria-Nebraska
also assess mental impairments. Assess more specifically left and right brain function impairment
Wisconsin Card Sorting
assesses frontal lobe function. One of the tests that is used for psychologists to determine whether a patient has schizophrenia
Intelligence Test (IQ)
WAIS-IV/WISC IV: difference between WAIS-IV and WSIC IV is what age they are given to
Verbal comprehension index: assesses verbal reasoning, social expressions.
B) Working Memory Index
C) Perceptual Reasoning Index: measures nonverbal, ability to look at a picture and identify what is missing.
D) Perceptual Speed Index: cortex speed coordination
Psychophysiological Assessment: EEG, Alpha and Beta Waves
EEG: measures brain waves
Alpha waves: relaxed in a calm state
Beta waves: alert and awake
Intellectual Developmental Disorder
not based on just an IQ score. Must be diagnosed before 18 years old to be diagnosed as intellectual developmental disorder
Down Syndrome
when a person has a third chromosome instead of two. Mothers who smoke improve the risk of their child having down syndrome. People who are afflicted by down syndrome have an altered physical appearance, have smaller brain structure. Their brains have plaques and tangles, the neurons have trouble sending.
PKU
person has a missing enzyme. The body cannot break down a specific amino acid. Causes physical and mental abnormalities. Causes intellectual disability, hyperactivity, and temper tantrums. The cells are not able to make a specific protein that leads to these
Environmental Causes that can affect the baby in the womb that can affect intellectual development prenatal and postnatal
Infection
Mother drinking alcohol or smoking
Lack of oxygen
Malnutrition
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
effects of the unborn baby as a result of the mother drinking alcohol include brain development problems, behavioral problems, memory
Specific Learning Disorder
difficulties in reading and writing
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Deficits in social communication and social interaction. Often engage in restrictive and repetitive behaviors.
Example: banging head against the walls, difficulty in making eye contact, don’t ask for things, do not engage in reciprocal play (roll a ball towards an autistic child, will not roll back) , little desire to make friends
Specifier
when used in reference to DSM and diagnosing, scale of the degree of impairment
Autism is generally caused by genetic or chromosomal abnormality. This interferes with the ability to process incoming stimuli then struggles to relate to the outside world.
Autistic people
have underactive simulated cortex that makes it hard for them to integrate verbal information with emotional tone. Cannot read people well
Prognosis and treatment for autism: specialists that treat autism. Positive reinforcement
Social Communication Disorder
social deficits, socially struggle. This disorder is similar to autism except it does not have the restrictive behavior
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
2 subcategories: hyperactive or inattentive: characteristics include fidgety, cannot sit still, lack of self control, talk incessantly, blurt out answers, hard for them to wait their turn, hard for them to focus, hard for them to do tasks. Will have these symptoms by age 12. Associated with poor academic and social problems
Causes abnormality, chemical imbalances, affects reticular activating system.
To know: less activity in left frontal lobe, parietal lobe in kids w ADHD
Treatment: adderall, stimulant
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
lose their temper, annoy other people, vindictive, vengeful
Conduct disorder
gnores basic rights of others. Aggressive, destruction of property, deceitful, pattern of bullying others, truancy. More severe form of oppositional defiant disorder.
Reactive Attachment
Little trust in adults, dont think adults will tend to their needs
Enuresis
when child repeatedly urinates into their clothes and bedding at least twice a week for 3 months. Primary: never able to control their urination.
Secondary Enuresis
was able to control their urination in the past but cannot anymore. Psychologist will ask “Is there some underlying issue the child is going through this”
Encopresis
bowel movements in inappropriate places. To be diagnosed with this, has to happen once a week for 3 consecutive months
