Part 1 Flashcards
Mal Adaptive Behavior
what will define a disorder. Inability to cope. Sometimes it is a concern for the patient.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
List of psychiatric disorders and the symptoms you need to have and how long you have to have these symptoms
fluctuates over time
DSM 5 - every 15-20 years, there is a new edition that comes out.
Homosexuality- DSM 2 i.e. - research brings new light and proves that it is not a psychological disorder.
Psychiatrist vs. Psychologist
medication vs. psychotherapy
- Better likelihood of curing the patient when you find the cause/origin of the anxiety and or depression.
Low Socioeconomic Status (SES) ; Correlational studies.
Increase psycho disorders.
Environment in poverty,
Risk Factor
Statistical association - increases likelihood of disorder.
Looks at stat significance between a psych disorder and a particular factor.
I.e. what are the chances of developing lung cancer
Antisocial Personality Disorder
no regards to society, aggressive, violent, raised in a family that does not provide support or consistent nurturing. No structure, warmth, consistency.
Hippocrates
What caused abnormal behavior - diseases disorders of the brain. (not evil spirits)
Plato
The families involvement in why patient has disorder
Biological Approach
Psycho disorders are caused by physiological factors
Chemical imbalances
Psychological Approach
Disorders are caused by internal things
Low self esteem
Caused by low self esteem,
Unresolved loss, lack of attachment to parents
Freud/ Psychoanalysis
Unconscious conflicts that originated from childhood.
Id/ Ego/ Superego
Id - part of personality that wants immediate gratification.
Ego - aware of outside reality, figure out a plan to delay immediate gratification.
Superego - Develops by the time a child is 5 years old
- Represents society’s & parent’s values and standards
- Superego places more restrictions on what we can and cannot do
- Could cause moral anxiety (ever present feeling of shame and guilt) for failing to reach standards no human can meet
Defense Mechanisms
Normal ways to deal with stress, short term is healthy.
Repression
Unconsciously block painful feelings from your awareness
Suppression
Consciously block painful feelings from your awareness
Reaction Formation
Unconsciously block painful feelings from your awareness by exaggeration the opposite effect. (gays, when you’re gay)
Projection
Attribute something that’s going on with you and you see it on other people. (quality or behavior, it causes it when you see it in yourself so you see it on other people.)
Intellectualization
When you’re uncomfortable with emotion, so you interact in a very overly logical way.
Regression
Revert to an earlier stage of development
Sublimation
When you work of frustrated impulses in an acceptable way.
Psychosexual Stages
The idea that at certain stages of your development, there are 5 stages. Freud felt that at different stages, ages, different parts of your body become a source of frustration.
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Psychoanalysis
make the unconcious, concious
Behaviorism / Skinner
You’be learned it from the environment
Reinforcement
Vicarious Learning
Learn through the action of others
Rewards and punishments don’t have to happen to you, to learn.
Cognitive Model
The way you think about things, your perception.
Not the event, but the way you think about the event.
Hummanistic
People are generally good, natural strive to reach their potential. Grow.
How you perceive things is what matters
Maslow- Self actualization- inbreed to reach this potential. With provided support this is able to be reache.
Biopsychosocial
Chemical imbalances, physio issues.
- 1950s - psychiatric drugs were introduced to control mental illness.
Human Genogram
Collection of DNA that exists in human beings
X and Y Chromosomes
X - mother
Y - father
Dominant/ Recessive Genes
Dominant - that gene/ trait is expressed in the offspring.
Recessive - not expressed in the offspring unless it is paired with another recessive gene.
Central Nervous
Brain and spinal cord
System/ Peripheral
Carries info to and from CNS
Hindbrain (brainstem/reptilian)
Medulla
Heart rate, breathing, swallowing, injury to this is critical
Hindbrain -Cerebellum
Posture, motor skills, muscles
Hindbrain - Pons
Function and control in sleep, integrates right side and left halves of your body.
Midbrain - Reticular Activating System
Alertness and being awake. Controls how much stimulation gets into your brain.
Forebrain - Thalamus
Relays sensory info to the cerebral cortex
Forebrain - Hypothalamus
Hormones, eating and drinking
Adrenaline and other stress hormones
Forebrain - Limbic System / Amygdala
Where you feel rage,
Amygdala - in charge of strong emotion. Immediate and quick .
Feel first, think later.
If amygdala is overly sensitive - easily irritated and angered, express strong emotion.
Corpus Callosum / Left vs. Right side of brain
Connects left and right side of the brain - thick band of fibers do this.
Left - language, more logical side of the brain
Right - non verbal, patterns, reading a map, visual -spacial.
Cerebral Cortex
Part of your brain that allows you to think things through, consider different alternatives, work out a plan
Occipital, Parietal, Temporal, Frontal
Vison, touch/sensation, hearing, voluntary movement
Pituitary Gland
Regulates growth
Pineal Gland
releases melatonin - sleep
Thyroid Gland
Rate of metabolism
Inactive - overweight
CT Scan
Xray- clear image.
Take different angles of the brain, cross section of the brain
Diagnose stroke, any abnormality of the brain
MRI Scan
Use magnetic rays, 3 dimensional model,
More detailed image, does not use radiation.
PET Scan
Radioactive substance is injected into the bloodstream, can see where radioactive material goes.
Which part of the brain is using more energy, if found that is so, usually signifies a problem or abnormality. Using less energy is ideal.
fMRI
Identifies increases in the blood flow.
Isolate specific brain activity.
Case Study
a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.
Single Case Study
is a research design most often used in applied fields of psychology, education, and human behavior in which the subject serves as his/her own control, rather than using another individual/group.
Experimental Studies
Determine cause and effect. Need comparison group
Experimental Group / Control Group
Group that gets it
Group that doesn’t
Dependent Variable
What you actually are measuring.
Independent Variable
Something that you change or manipulate
Smooth Jazz -
Prevalence / Incidence
Prevalence - Total number of cases of a disorder in a given population at a given time.
How many people in Hayward are suffering from skitzo now
Incidence - how many people will develop in the next “x” years.
Emotions and different lobes of your brain
Negative emotions - right frontal lobe. (fear, disgust)
Positive emotions - left side (happiness, etc). - depressed people have less function on left side.
