part 2 Flashcards
inanimate objects that serve as a role in disease transmission
fomites
any living non human carrier of the disease that transport and seeves the process of disease tranmission
vector
humans, animals, plants, soils or inanimate organic matter in which infectious organisms live and multiply
reservoirs
when an animal transmits a disease to a human
zoonosis
some carriers may be infected and not be sick
typhoid mary
typhoid fever is caused by
salmonella typhi
have typhoid fever in their gall bladder
healthy carriers
was the first person in the US to be identified as a healthy carrier of a typhoid fever
mary mallon
may or may not exhibit signs of symptoms of infection
active carrier
exposed to and harbors disease causing organism (pathogen) and is in the recovery phase but is still infectious
convalescent carrier
exposed to and harbor pathogen, has not shown any symptoms
healthy carrier
those who can transmit the agent during the incubation period before the clinical illness begins
incubatory carrier
is contaminated with the pathogen and can mechanically transmit it to another host
passive carrier
two general modes of transmission
direct and indirect tranmission
immediate transfer of the pathogen from a host/reservoir to a susceptible host
direct transmission
can occur through direct physical contact or direct physical contact
direct tranmission
pathogens or agents are transferred or carried by some intermediate item or organism, means or process to a susceptible host
indirect transmission
a pathogen uses a host (fly, flea, louse, rat) as a mechanism for a ride or nourishment this is a ….
mechanical transmission
levels of disease
acute
subacute
chronic
relatively severe of short duration and often treatable
-usually the patient often recover or ide
acute
intermediate in severity and duration, having some acute aspect to the disease but of longer duration and with a degree of severity
- patient expected to eventually heal
subacute
less severe but of long and continuous duration, lasting over a long time period, if not a lifetime
- patients may not fully recover and the disease can get worse overtime
chronic
results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease
active inmunity
acquired from exposure to the disease organism through infection with the actual disease
natural immunity
acquired through the introduction of a killed or weakens form of the disease organism through vaccination
vaccine-induced immunity
acquired through transplacental transfer of a mothers immunity to diseases to the unborn child (also via breastfeeding)
passive immunity
can also come from the introduction of already produced antibodies into a susceptible case
passive immunity
the resistance of a population or group (herd) has to the invasion and spread of an infectious disease
herd immunity
occurs when a large portion of immunity (the herd) becomes immune to the disease
herd immunity
disease for which vaccines are used
anthrax
chicken pox
cholera
diptheria
german measles
hepatitis A and B
influenza
malaria
measles
