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MICROPARA LEC > Epidemiology and public health > Flashcards

Epidemiology and public health Flashcards

1
Q

it is the basic science of public health

A

study

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2
Q

time place and persons

A

distribution

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3
Q

search for the causes

A

determinants

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4
Q

deals with population rather than individual

A

populations

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5
Q

steers public health decisions on developing and evaluating interventions

A

control

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6
Q

two things about infection

A

the various ways infections can be transmitted
the ways the infection chain can be broken

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7
Q

six links in the form of infection

A

pathogen
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

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8
Q

infectious agent

A

fungi
parasite

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9
Q

hosts that do not know the outward signs or symptoms of a disease but are still capable of transmitting the disease are known as

A

carriers

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10
Q

route of escape of pathogen from the reservoir
ex:
respiratory secretions
blood exposure
breaks in skin

A

portal of exit

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11
Q

method by which the pathogen gets from the reservoir to the new host

A

route of transmission

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12
Q

transmission may occur through

A

direct
air
droplet
vector

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13
Q

route to which the pathogen enters its new host

A

portal of entry

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14
Q

the organism that accepts the pathogen

A

susceptible host

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15
Q

the support of pathogen life and its reproduction depends on the degree of the…

A

hosts resistance

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16
Q

identification of infectious agent and appropriate treatment

A

pathogen identification

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17
Q

potential hosts and carriers must practice asepsis and maintain proper personal hygiene

A

asepsis and hygiene

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18
Q

healthcare personnel must practice standard precautions

A

control portal of exit

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19
Q

prevent direct or indirect contact

A

prevent s route of transmission

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20
Q

health professionals must make sure that portal of entry are not subjected to pathogens

A

protect portal of entry

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21
Q

health professionals mist recognized and protect high-risk patients

A

recognition of susceptible host

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22
Q

how to interrupt the chain of infection

A
  1. pathogen identification
  2. asepsis and hygiene
  3. control portals of exit
  4. prevent a route of transmission
  5. protect portal of entry
  6. recognition of susceptible host
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23
Q

high risk patients

A

cancer patients
aids
transplant
infant and elderly

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24
Q

means “on, upon, befall”

A

epi

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25
Q

“upon the body skin”

A

epidermis

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26
Q

means “people, population, man”

A

demo

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27
Q

means study of

A

ology

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28
Q

that which befalls man

A

epidemiology

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29
Q

generally seen as a method to investigate disease

A

epidemiology

30
Q

an investigative method used to detect the cause or source of diseases in human populations or group

A

epidemiology

31
Q

study of nature, cause, control and determinants of the frequency and distribution of disease, disability and death in hunan population

A

epidemiology

32
Q

involves characterizing the distribution of health status, diseases, or other health problems

A

epidemiology

33
Q

serves as the foundation of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine

A

epidemiology

34
Q

highly regarded in evidence based medicine for identifying risk factors for disease and determining optimal treatment approaches to clinical practice

A

epidemiology

35
Q

father of modern medicine in the canin of medicine

A

persian physician avicenna

36
Q

discovered the contagious nature of tuberculosis snd STD’s and the distribution of disease through water and soil

A

avicenna

37
Q

states that bodily secretion is contaminated by foul foreign earthly bodies before being infected

A

avicenna

38
Q

introduced the quarantine as a means of limiting the spread of contagious disease

A

avicenna

39
Q

used the risk factor analysis and proposed the idea of syndrome in the diagnosis of specific disease

A

avicenna

40
Q

hypothesized that infectious diseases are caused by small “minute bodies” which enter the human body and cause disease

A

lbn khatima

41
Q

wrote a treatise called ON THE PLAGUE in which he stated how infectious disease can be transmitted through body contact and through garments vessels and earrings

A

lbn al-khatib

42
Q

proposed a theory that these very small, unseeable, particles that cause disease were alive

A

girolamo fracastoro

43
Q

“they were considered to spread by air, multiply by themselves and and to be destroyable by fire”

A

girolamo fracastoro

44
Q

in 1543, he wrote de contagione et contagiosis morbis in which he was the first to promote personal and environmental hygiene to orevent disease

A

girolamo fracastoro

45
Q

held that disease such as cholera or the black death were caused by a miasma (greek language: pollution)

A

miasmatic theory of disease

46
Q

pattern of response by a living organisms

A

disease

47
Q

capable of producing diseases

A

pathogens

48
Q

process of generating a disease

A

pathogenesis

49
Q

means disease causing or producing

A

pathogenic

50
Q

describes the potential ability and strength of a pathogenic substance to cause disease

A

pathogenicity

51
Q

those which the pathogen or agent has the capability to enter, survive, and multiply in the host

A

infective disease

52
Q

the extent of pathogenicity or strength of organisms

A

virulence

53
Q

the capacity and strength of the disease to produce severe and fatal cases of illness

A

virulence

54
Q

the ability to get into the susceptible host and cause a disease within the host

A

invasiveness

55
Q

the capacity of microorganisms or enter into and grow in upon tissues of a host

A

invasiveness

56
Q

factors contributing to the source or causation of the disease

A

etiology

57
Q

poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organisms

A

toxins

58
Q

a substance produced by or a semisynthetic substance derived from a microorganisms and able in dilute solution to inhibit or kill another microorganisms

A

antibiotics

59
Q

outbreak or occurrence of one specific disease

A

epidemic

60
Q

epidemic that is widespread across a country

A

pandemic

61
Q

the extent that people, within a population who do not have a disease, develop the disease during a specific time period

A

incidence

62
Q

the number of people within a population who have a certain disease at a given point in time

A

prevalence

63
Q

refers to the numbers of individuals who develop a specific disease or experienced a specific a health related event during a particulsr time period

A

incidence

64
Q

refers to the total numbers of individuals in a population who have a disease or health condition at a specific period of time

A

prevalence

65
Q

is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection

A

risk factor or determinant

66
Q

many people, objects, avenues of transmission and organisms can be involved in the..

A

spread of disease

67
Q

4 factors contribute to the outbreak of disease

A
  1. role of the host
  2. agent
  3. environmental circumstances
  4. time
68
Q

is the cause of disease

A

agent

69
Q

an organism usually human or animal that harbors disease

A

host

70
Q

is the favorable surroundings and conditions external to the human or animal that cause or allow disease transmission

A

environment

MICROPARA LEC (5 decks)

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