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MICROPARA LEC > part 2 > Flashcards

part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

physical requirements for growth

A

temperature
ph
osmotic pressure

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2
Q

chemical requirements for growth

A

carbon
N,S,P
trace elements
O2/oxygen
organic growth factors

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3
Q

essential elements in chemical requirements for bacterial growth

A

C, H,O,N,P, S

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4
Q

various components of bacterial structure

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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5
Q

supplied from water added to the culture medium

A

hydrogen and oxygen

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6
Q

supplied by carbohydrates

A

carbon

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7
Q

bacteria also get energy in the form of ____ from carbohydrate breakdown

A

ATP

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8
Q

it is a major components of proteins and nucleic acids.

A

nitrogen

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9
Q

it is obtained from mainly ammonia, usually in the form of ammonium salts.

A

nitrogen

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10
Q

are obtained from environment or from deamination of amino acids

A

ammonium salts

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11
Q

ig is a part of proteins and coenzymes. it is obtained from sulphates

A

sulphur

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12
Q

many bacteria reduce these ____ to hydrogen sulphide

A

sulphates

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13
Q

it is required for nucleic acids, ATP coenzymes. etc.

A

phosphorus

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14
Q

these elements are required in trace amounts and are provided from various food sources

A

potassium
calcium
magnesium
iron
copper
cobalt
manganese
molybdenum
zinc

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15
Q

required by bacteria for their growth and maintenance

A

bacterial vitamins

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16
Q

may be essential for some and accessory for other bacteria

A

growth factor

17
Q

what are the environmental factors affecting growth?

A

water
oxygen
carbon dioxide
temperature
hydrogen ion concentration
light
osmotic pressure
symbiosis and antagonism

18
Q

bacterial cells consist of how many percent of water?

A

80%

19
Q

detrimental for most bacteria
ex: treponema pallidum

A

dehydration

20
Q

can resist drying for months

A

staphylococcus

21
Q

are particularly resistant to dessication and may survive in dry state for several decades

A

spores

22
Q

it is a method of preservation of bacteria, viruses and many labile biological materials

A

freeze drying or lyophilization

23
Q

bacteria which require oxygen for growth

A

aerobe

24
Q

bacteria which do not require oxygen for growth

A

anaerobe

25
Q

bacteria which grow only in the presence of oxygen
ex. pseudomonas, bacillus

A

obligate aerobe

26
Q

bacteria which are aerobe but can grow with lack of oxygen or in absence of oxygen
ex. streptococci

A

facultative anaerobe

27
Q

bacteria which grow with trace amounts of oxygen
ex. listeria monocytogenes

A

microaerophilic

28
Q

bacteria which strictly grow in the absence of oxygen. they may die on exposure to oxygen.
ex. clostridia, bacteroides

A

obligate anaerobes

29
Q

anaerobes which do not require oxygen but tolerate the presence of oxygen

A

aerotolerant anaerobes

30
Q

provided by cellular metabolism and from environment

A

carbon dioxide

31
Q

may not produce enough CO2 from cellular metabolism and may require additional CO2 from exogenous sources

A

fastidious organisms

32
Q

how many percent of CO2 is supplied for organisms in culture

A

5-10%

33
Q

requiring excess amount of CO2
ex. brucella aburtos

A

capnophilic

34
Q

variable requirement

A

temperature

35
Q

the lowest temperature at which the organisms can survive and replicate

A

minimum growth temperature

36
Q

the temperature that organisms grows best and healthiest

A

optimum growth temperature

37
Q

the highest temperature at which growth can occur

A

maximum growth temperature

38
Q

is the lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in a 10 mins exposure

A

thermal death point (TDP)

MICROPARA LEC (5 decks)

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