Part 2 Flashcards
Osmotic Lysis
The rupturing of protoplasts and spheroplasts that burst in pure water or very dilute salt or sugar solutions because the surrounding fluid rapidly move into and enlarge the cells, which has a much lower internal concentration of water.
Plasma Membrane
a thin structure lying inside the cell wall and enclosing the cytoplasm of the cell.
Glycoproteins
Proteins attached to carbohydrates
Glycolipids
Lipids attached to carbohydrates
Fluid Mosaic Model
The dynamic arrangement of phospholipids and proteins
The membrane allows the membrane proteins to move freely enough to perform their functions without destroying the structure of the membrane.
Selective Permeability
Certain molecules and ions pass through the membrane, but that others are prevented from passing through it.
Thylakoids
The plasma membranes of bacteria contain enzymes capable of catalyzing the chemical reactions that break down nutrients and produce ATP. In some bacteria, pigments, and enzymes involved in photosynthesis are found in infoldings of the plasma membrane that extend into the cytoplasm.
Mesosomes
An irregular fold in the plasma membrane of a prokaryotic cell that is an artifact of preparation for microscopy
Passive Transport
Substances cross membrane without any expenditure of energy.
Simple Diffusion
the net movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Facilitated Diffusion
integral membrane proteins function as channels or carriers that facilitate the movement of ions or large molecules across the plasma membrane.
Osmosis
the net movement of solvent molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area with a high concentration of solvent molecules.
Osmosis Pressure
the pressure required to prevent the movement of pure water into a solution containing some solutes
Isotonic Solution
a medium in which the overall concentration of solutes equals that found inside a cell.
Hypotonic Solution
outside the cell is a medium whose concentration of solutes is lower than that inside the cell.
Hypertonic Solution
a medium having a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell has.
Active Transport
the cell uses energy in the form of ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane.
Group Translocation
a special form of active trnsport that occurs exclusively in prokaryotes, the substance is chemically altered during transport across the membrane.
Plasmids
Bacteria often contain small usually circular, double-stranded DNA molecules.
Ribosomes
function as the sites of protein synthesis.
Inclusions
several kinds of reserve deposits
Metachromatic Granules
large inclusions that take their name from the fact that they sometimes stain red with certain blue dyes such as methylene blue.
Volutin
represents a reserve of inorganic phosphate that can be used in the synthesis of ATP
Polysaccharide Granules
typically consist of gylcogen and starch, and their presence can be demonstrated when iodine is applied to the cells
