Eukaryotic Organelles

Question 1

Flagella

Answer 1

A thin appendage from the surface of a cell, used for cellular locomotion. Composed of 9+2 microtubules. Contain cytoplasm and are surrounded by the plasma membrane. Anchored by a basal body.

Question 2

Cilia

Answer 2

Numerous and short. Used for moving substances across the surface of the cell. Composed of 9 pairs plus 2 microtubules. Anchored to by a basal body.

Question 3

Microtubules

Answer 3

long, hollow tubes made of protein called tubulin.

Question 4

Glycocalyx

Answer 4

layer of material containing substantial amounts of sticky carbohydrates.

Question 5

Plasma Membrane

Answer 5

the outer layer, contains carbohydrates and sterols

Question 6

Endocytosis

Answer 6

occurs when a segment of the plasma membrane surrounds a particle or large molecule, encloses it, and brings it into the cell.

Question 7

Phagocytosis

Answer 7

cellular projections called pseudopods engulfs particles and brings them into the cell.

Question 8

Pinocytosis

Answer 8

the plasma membrane folds inward, bringing extracellular fluid into the cell, along with whatever substances are dissolved in the fluid.

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

encompasses the substance inside the plasma membrane and outside the nucleus.

Question 10

Cytosol

Answer 10

fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

provides support and shape and assists in transporting substances through the cell.

Question 12

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Answer 12

the movement of eukaryotic cytoplasm from one part of the cell to another, helps distribute nutrients and move the cell over a surface.

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

attached to the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum or found free in the cytoplasm. Site of protein synthesis, composed of RNA and protein.

Question 14

Organelles

Answer 14

structures with specific shapes and specialized functions and are characteristic of eukaryotic cells.

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

sperical or oval, contains almost all of the cell’s hereditary information. (DNA)

Question 16

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 16

double membrane that surround the nucleus.

Question 17

Nuclear Pores

Answer 17

tiny channels in the membrane that allow the nucleus to communicate with the cytoplasm.

Question 18

Nucleolus

Answer 18

where ribosomal RNA is being synthesized.

Question 19

Histones

Answer 19

a protein associated with DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes.

Question 20

Chromatin

Answer 20

a threadlike mass that DNA and its associated proteins appear as when not reproducing.

Question 21

Chromosomes

Answer 21

During nuclear division, the chromatin coils into shorter and thicker rodlike bodies.

Question 22

Cisterns

Answer 22

an extensive network of flattened membranous sacs or tubules.

Question 23

Rough ER

Answer 23

continous with the nuclear membrane and unfolds into a series of flattened sacs. The outer surface is studded with ribosome.

Question 24

Smooth ER

Answer 24

extends from the rough ER to form a network of membrane tubules. Synthesize phosphlipids and does not have ribosomes on surface.

Question 25

Golgi Complex

Answer 25

involved in the secretion of certain proteins.

Question 26

Transport Vesicles

Answer 26

fuses with a cistern of the Golgi complex, releasing proteins into the cistern.

Question 27

Transfer Vesicles

Answer 27

Membrane bound sacs that moves proteins from the Golgi complex so specific areas of the cell.

Question 28

Secretory Vesicles

Answer 28

transports synthesized material into cytoplasm, deliver proteins to the plasma membrane, where they are discharged by exocytosis.

Question 29

Storage Vesicles

Answer 29

contains proteins made in the rough ER.

Question 30

Lysosomes

Answer 30

look like membrane enclosed spheres, contain as many as 40 different kinds of powerful digestive enzymes capable of breaking down various molecules.

Question 31

Vacuole

Answer 31

space or cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell, serves as temporary storage organelles and helps bring food into the cell.

Question 32

Mitochondria

Answer 32

spherical or rod shaped, prouce ATP, has its own DNA and can reproduce independently from the cell.

Question 33

Cristae

Answer 33

a series of folds inside the mitochondria.

Question 34

Matrix

Answer 34

a semifluid substance located in the center of the mitochondria.

Question 35

Chloroplast

Answer 35

a membrane enclosed structure that contains both the pigment chlorophyll and the enzymes required for photosynthesis.

Question 36

Thylakoids

Answer 36

flattened membrane sacs that contain the chlorophyll.

Question 37

Granum

Answer 37

stacks of thylakoids.

Question 38

Peroxisomes

Answer 38

organelle that oxidizes amino acids, fatty acids, and alcohol.

Question 39

Centrosomes

Answer 39

region consisting of a pericentriolar area and a pair of centrioles, involved in the formation of mitotic spindle.

Question 40

Endosymbiosis

Answer 40

one organism lives inside the other, the two typically behaving as a single organism. Mitochondria and Chloroplast.

Question 41

Endosymbiosis Theory

Answer 41

theory explaining the origin of eukaryotes. According to the theory, larger bacterial cells lost their cell walls and engulfed smaller bacterial cells.