part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What leukocytes are granulocytes?
A
NEB neutrophiles eosinophils basophils these contain granules within the cytoplasm
2
Q
Who is first to the site of infection?
A
neutrophils
3
Q
What is a left shift?
A
- increase in percent of bands
- bone marrow is releasing less-mature cells into circulation
- increased in acute info and inflammation
4
Q
What leukocytes are agranulocytes?
A
- lymphocytes: forms the basis of cellular and humor immune response, B cell and T cells
- monocytes: 2nd cell type to arrive at the site of injury , when they migrate they become macrophages
5
Q
Left shift with a bunch of bands.
A
- massive infx
- many immature neutrophils produced
- bone marrow can’t mature the neutrophils fast enough
6
Q
- initiates the clotting process
- plug openings in the capillary wall
- plays a role in clot shrinkage and retraction
- stem cells transform into megakaryocytic which fragments into this
- partially regulated by thrombopoeitin
A
thrombocytes (platelets)
7
Q
What is thrombocytopenia?
A
- platelets below 150,000
- results in abnormal hemostasis: prolonged bleeding, and spontaneous bleeding
8
Q
What can you ask you pt to find out if they are bleeding and what are some S/S?
A
- do you take an anticoagulant
- bruising
- nose bleed
- pink urine
9
Q
What are the 6 steps of hemostasis?
A
- vascular injury and sub endothelial exposure
- adhesion- stickiness
- activation
- aggregation: formation of clumps
- platelet plug formation
- clot retraction and dissolution
10
Q
How is clotting initiated?
A
through 1 of 2 pathways: intrinsic or extrinsic pathway
11
Q
Explain intrinsic pathway.
A
activated by collagen exposure from endothelial injury when the blood vessel is damages
12
Q
Explain extrinsic pathway?
A
initiated when tissue factor or tissue thromboplastin is released extravascularly from injured tissues
