Part 1 Quiz Bioecological Systems Theory Flashcards
1
Q
How does Bronfenbrenner’ Bioecological Systems Theory capture the contribution and interactions between nature and nurture?
A
the contributions of nature and nurture cannot be separated easily because they are part of a dynamic system, constantly influencing one another.
2
Q
What are the key concepts of the theory?
A
That we are affected by our environment, relationships, and everything associated with it in different capacities
3
Q
What are the characteristics of high-context and low-context Macrosystems?
A
a high context society relies more on nonverbal cues. They have a collective understanding for what is expected and what their story tells. a “family is everything” type of family with out as much flexibility is likely high context. A low context society relies more on direct social cues. They lean on written contracts, and clear instructions. they value the rights of the individual over the family.
4
Q
How do changes in each system affect an individual and contribute to their socialization
A
It can both negatively and positively affect their life in employment, beliefs, attitudes, basic needs, demand characteristics, resource characteristics, and force characteristics
5
Q
What are the defining characteristics that are needed to create a sense of community according to McMillan and Chavis’s theory of community? How is a community defined?
A
a sense of community that members have a belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members needs will be met through their commitment to be together. a group of people linked together by social ties, common interests or perspectives, or location as well. They may be diverse in some ways and similar in others.
6
Q
What factors influence behavioral rootedness in a community?
A
Refers to the years of community residency, whether one’s home is owned or rented, and expected length of residency. The connections to a community includes membership, influence, fulfillment of needs, and emotional connection.
7
Q
In Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, what is the difference between the ecosystem and macrosystem?
A
An eco system is focused on tangible things like a house, the buildings in a community etc. A macro system focuses more on ideology and the values and beliefs the community has. eco system: healthcare, a parents workplace, opportunities for rec in the community, etc.
8
Q
According to the McMillan and Chavis article, Sense of Community: a Definition and Theory, what are four specific things that you could do to foster a deep sense of community in yourself or others?
A
membership, influence, fulfillment of needs, and emotional connection.
9
Q
Considering both the reading on a “Sense of Community” and the reading and discussion about “Children, Families, and the State,” what laws or practices contributed to the colonial family’s commitment to public life? Consider membership, influence, integration, fulfillment of needs, and shared emotional connection
A
It started by deferring the needs tot he community and then it ended when we started to the defer the needs of an individual
10
Q
Define partiarchal influence
A
a structure that influences power from a man, usually over a woman
11
Q
Define individualism
A
self-reliance or the habit that favors freedom and agency, and wealth
12
Q
Define collectivism
A
the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
13
Q
Define low context
A
A low context society relies more on direct social cues. They lean on written contracts, and clear instructions. they value the rights of the individual over the family.
14
Q
Define high context
A
a high context society relies more on nonverbal cues. They have a collective understanding for what is expected and what their story tells. a “family is everything” type of family with out as much flexibility is likely high context.
15
Q
Define status offense
A
behaviors such as running away, truancy, curfew violations
16
Q
Define in loco parentis
A
a relationship in which a person puts him/herself in the situation of a parent by assuming and discharging the obligations of a parent to a child.
17
Q
Define non-criminal act under lead jurisdiction
A
Non-criminal offense means a finding of inappropriate conduct or misconduct not constituting a criminal offense in any jurisdiction. Example : court of law patient abuse, neglect.
18
Q
Define indeterminate sentencing
A
a type of custodial sentence that consists of a range of years (such as five to ten years) and not a fixed time
19
Q
Define no-fault divorce
A
a divorce that can be obtained without anyone having to allege or prove that one party’s behavior is to blame
20
Q
Define commonwealth
A
an independent country or community, especially a democratic republic. an organized group of independent self-governing countries.
21
Q
Define property distribution
A
how property is divided and distributed in a divorce, death, retirement, etc.
22
Q
Define Dowry
A
property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage.
23
Q
Define Levirate
A
a custom of the ancient Hebrews and other peoples by which a man may be obliged to marry his brother’s widow.
24
Q
Define Slavery
A
the state of being a slave.
25
Define Democratic Family
a parenting style characterized by joint decision-making, mutual respect, autonomy, and responsibility.
26
Define Companionate Family
marriages based on affection, friendship, and sexual gratification. companionate marriages represent a shift away from institutional marriages, which were based on economic terms.
27
Define Child Labor and Industrialization
it led to poverty cycles. Children were ideal employees because they could be paid less, were often of smaller size so could attend to tasks in tight spaces and were less likely to organize and strike against their pitiable working conditions. It also led to insufficient nurture and mental illness.
28
What were the core beliefs and values of the New England courts and the Puritan courts during the colonial period?
Puritans adhered to the doctrine that a few elect would be saved and all others damned. They separated courts and religion however. It was a very unfair and unjust court system. The New engladn courts focused on the religious values and had little to do with the actual circumstances of the case. New England courts dealt with land titles, road building, and schools, as well as the collection of taxes. Women were not allowed to vote and it was run by white men.
29
How did the Puritan culture, specifically their religion affect their courts an d marriage practices?
Marriage was not a religious practice but a civil contract in Puritan beliefs. They were in favor of separating church and state. This allowed for divorce.
30
How have attitudes and legal outcomes, surrounding divorce, changed over time?
It has become much easier for a woman to divorce a man. There are better legal outcomes ins one ways.
31
What evidence exist that the nature of law has changed from a pedagogical [Biblical] teaching, moral exhortation] to a ______________________ focus?
secular
32
How has the patriarch influenced family dynamics historically and what factors have led to its gradual decline?
In patriarchal societies, women were given little control over their household financial, marriage, and economic decisions. As divorce became easier and cultural norms changed, women were empowered to take back those decisions. As the patriarchy broke down, it was likely influenced by democracy, a lack of respect for each other because of a lack of equality and equity, and the decline of religion. Also women's influence and value in religion may also be a factor for the decline as a response of feeling suppressed.
33
What were the landmark differences in marriage and family law between the 18th Century, Early 19th Century, Late 19th Century, Early 20th Century, and Late 20th Century?
In the 18th century, it was still governed by the church. In the early 19th century, divorce became more accessible. By mid-late 20th century, nofault divorces began. Marriage has drastically declined in the late 20th century.
34
How has child labor changed over time? Historically, how old were children when they often left home to work?
Immigrant children worked 12-16 hours a day. Children were sometimes twelve to thirteen years old. The industrial revolution took advantage of children and many died in un-safe conditions and were put in very unhealthy situations. Partly because of media and those standing up when bad accidents happened, laws were passed to protect children and created children labor laws.
35
What circumstances and beliefs led to child labor becoming an issue and what social changes led to the end of child labor in the United States?
The puritans believed that children were born in sin. They were punished at an early age and not valued with play or education. This likely led to the being subjected to lots of work at an early age. Also economically, families suffered especially those were people of color or immigrants and so they were put in sweatshops and mills just to make enough to put food on the table. Incidents of child death continued to increase and until media was more aware, labor laws were put in place.
36
What were the main forces driving parents to send their children off as laborers and why couldn’t they keep the children at home? How did immigration and industrialization impact child labor?
They couldn't afford the children. They were starving themselves. Sometimes families were subjected to hard situations like the head of household deserting or dying. As immigrations, it was hard to find employment and make enough. Orphan children were especially struggling and systems weren't in place to take care of them. Industrialization needed workers and took advantage of families in that way.
37
When Adam and Eve partook of the fruit, what was cursed and why? According to Bahr and Loveless, what is the real power of family work?
Eating from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. its potential to transform lives, to forge strong families, to build strong communities.
38
What factors contributed to the breakdown of the strong patriarchal system that was so prevalent in the colonial period?
Access to divorce and employment opportunities for women. Access to different religions. The recognition that women were being abused and sometimes mistreated by men which allowed for diverse families. Immigration.
39
What role did the Puritan belief in the original sin play in the parenting practices of the devout during the colonial era?
Puritans believed that children were born in sin and so parenting was incredibly disciplined and abusive. Children were subjected to punishment and taught how to be.
40
List two social changes that provide evidence that the patriarchal control of fathers fell sharply during the 19th century.
One social change was access to divorce. This made it so that families were separated. The second social change was women's access to property, and employment. This broke down some of the patriarchal responsibilities and caused tension and challenged patriarchal roles.
41
What social changes or milestone events contributed to an environment where laws could be passed that brought child labor to an end in the 1930s? Name two.
Labor and reform movements to make the workplace a safer environment led to child labor laws. Also the access to better media including newspapers led to more awareness of how bad the child labor was.
42
Define Assimilation
the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas.
43
Define Individualism
the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant. a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.
44
Define Pluralism
a situation in which people of different social classes, religions, races, etc., are together in a society but continue to have their different traditions and interests.
45
Define Melting Pot
a place where different peoples, styles, theories, etc. are mixed together.
46
Define Distribution of Power
Refers to how power is delegated in the government of a society.
47
Define Inequality vs Inequity
While inequality implies differences between individuals or population groups, inequity refers to differences which are unnecessary, unfair, and unjust.
48
Define Equal Opportunity vs. Equal Outcome
Equality of outcome looks to ensure people who are disadvantaged are making gains. Equality of opportunity looks to ensure that everyone has the same opportunities to make those gains.
49
Define Divine Nature
To become like our Heavenly Father. To become more like Him means to take on His nature—the divine nature. Associated with this divine nature are certain spiritual attributes, which we can pray to obtain and strive to possess.
50
Define Gender vs. Sex
sex is your biological characteristics at birth. refers to "the socially constructed characteristics of women and men
51
Define Ezer Kenegdo
help, or helper
52
Define the waves of the feminist movement
The first wave was in the 19th century and it focused on womens right to vote, and their right to own property.
The second wave in the 1960's which focused on womens body rights with (roe vs. wade), equal pay and better career opportunities for women. It also focused on options after divorce, and contraception.
the third wave in the 1991 phrased "the personal is political". It talked especially about sexual harassment, and the violence against women act.
The fourth wave is our present day. It has discussed the #MeToo Movement. Equal pay and better options for women in power and especially women of color having opportunities to be in power and lead.
53
Define Title IX
This was created around 1972 and part of the second wave movement. It states, "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."
It made that opportunities for women in schools increased and less discrimination in schools with women happened.
54
Define reparations
the making of amends for a wrong thing that has been done - by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged.
55
Define Critical Race Theory
a set of ideas holding that racial bias is inherent in many parts of western society, especially in its legal and social institutions, on the basis of their having been primarily designed for and implemented by white people.
56
Define capitalism, socialism, and marxism
Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit. PRIVATE ENTERPRISE AND CONTROL
Socialism is theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. SHARE
Marxism analyses the impact of the ruling class on the laborers, leading to uneven distribution of wealth and privileges in the society. It stimulates the workers to protest the injustice. REVOLUTIONARY
57
Define intervening at individual and group levels
interpersonal relationships
58
Define the frames of colorblindness
Color-blind ideology is based on tenets of non-discrimination, due process of law, equal protection under the law, and equal opportunities regardless of race
59
Define prejudices
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.
60
Define discrimination
the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of ethnicity, age, sex, or disability.
61
Define stereotypes
a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
62
Define threats to stereotypes
“Stereotype threat is being at risk of confirming, as a self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's group.”
63
Define tolerance
willingness to accept feelings, habits, or beliefs that are different from your own.
64
Define diversity of condition
the state of being diverse; variety.
65
What does intersectionality mean?
the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage.
To many conservatives, intersectionality means “because you're a minority, you get special standards, special treatment in the eyes of some.”
coined by Kimberle Crenshaw
66
How has the legacy of slavery and disparity in intergenerational wealth contributed to racial inequity?
The racial wealth gap continues because there was a long time when people of color and black that were formerly enslaved were unable to have wealth to save for their families that could have been passed down to their next generations. Because that didn't happened, it allowed white families to gather more wealth way ahead of the time when black people were able to. Black people also did not have access to social security, bank loans for businesses, and access to education which affected their intergenerational wealth through time.
67
What are the four frames of color blindness - or explanations for inequality among the races?
ABSTRACT LIBERALISM (1) skin color is superficial and irrelevant to the quality of a person's character, ability or worthiness, NATURALIZATION (2) in a merit-based society, skin color is irrelevant to merit judgments and calculation of fairness, CULTURAL RACISM (3) as a corollary, in a merit-based society, merit and fairness are flawed if skin color is taken into the calculation MINIMIZATION OF RACISM (4) ignoring skin color when interacting with people is the best way to avoid racial discrimination
68
How are different racial statuses associated with upward or downward mobility in accumulated wealth?
On top of having less wealth than white Americans to begin with, Black Americans are both less likely to move up the economic ladder.White people have an easier time getting ahead. white and black American households grew even wider after the Great Recession.
69
How is public education funded and how does this contribute to educational inequality among the races?
It relies heavily on local resources at this time and very little is from federal funding. Because of that, it can vary greatly by the area and can definitely benefit people in higher income areas and can create more racial disparity.
70
What scriptural evidence or church statements shape gospel perspectives on diversity
Matthew 11:28 talks about anyone who is struggling to be given rest through Christ, including those in diverse situations; Doctrine and Covenants 10:67 talk about whoever comes unto me will be welcome.
71
According to Reynolds, what are two benefits ethnically diverse companies?
1. Reynolds also cites HR.com research that indicates diversity, including diversity of gender, religion, and ethnicity, improves retention. 2. Better set of ideas that can apply widely to a lot of different group and potential customers.
72
What is the difference between equity and equality?
Equality means everything is the same. Equity means that that things are fair and it focuses on justice and recognizes we do not all start from the same place
73
Describe one theory or explanation for the higher unemployment rates experienced by Blacks and Hispanics. Blacks have nearly twice the unemployment of Whites.
Individuals who are black and hispanics are less likely to have a higher education possibly due to wealth disaparity. That could be related to cost of an education, or that schools are still not equitable in lower income areas.
74
Racism in the United States is characterized by color-blind racism which assumes race is no longer an issue in our country. Describe two of the four frames or arguments commonly used by color-blind racism to direct causes away from racial discrimination
ABSTRACT LIBERALISM (believing its equal for everyone) and NATURALISM (not feeling its avoidable) and CULTURAL RACISM (blaming the culture that someone is a part of), or MINIMIZATION OF RACISM (racism doesn't exist because it's so much better than it was)
75
Give two scriptural examples or admonitions that teach us that as Christians we are to be loving and tolerant to those who differ from us religiously, politically, culturally, or in other ways
Matthew 5:43–46 talks about loving your enemies and Moroni 7:12–14 is about not judging and turning to Christ
76
According to Elder Ballard, how can the couplet often referred to in the church, "Be in the world, but not of the world" be an example of both defending the truth and being tolerant?
We can respect others that make choices different than others while still heeding to our own beliefs and following those.
77
According to Reynold's article, 13 Benefits and Challenges of Diversity in the Workplace, what are two benefits that frequently stem from a diverse workforce?
They can drive innovation, and inspire creativity. They can also be more sensitive to the cultural needs and beliefs in the world.
78
According to Reynolds article, 13 Benefits and Challenge software Diversity in the Workplace, what are two challenges that frequently stem from a diverse workforce?
Integration between multicultural teams when there is prejudice can be difficult and there may be different understandings for cultural norms and etiquette.
79
Be ready to match historical events, people, and slogans with the corresponding wave of feminism?
1st wave - "womens right to vote", "women life liberty", Susan B. Anthony, Victoria Claflin
2nd wave - "Equality", "my body my right" Roe vs. wade, title IX, no fault divorces, contraception access, Equal pay act, pregnancy discrimination
3rd wave - Violence against women act, "the personal is political", Madeline Albright, Partial brith abortion act, sexual harassment.
4th wave - Metoo, The future is female, Love trumps hate. paycheck fairness, hilary clinton for president, Catherine Cortex masto, Kamala Harris
80
What is a micro system?
The people that direclty affect the child and is in their day to day life. parents, school, home life. family, etc. peers
81
What is a exosystem?
Concrete, people, places, institutions and how they effect the child indirectly. a parents workplace and schedule, etc.
82
What is a meso system?
Interrelationships between these systems so like a relationship between a childs teacher and the parents and teacher, etc.
83
What is a macro system?
More abstract. Usually values, culture, religious climate, politics in the area and how those affect the child.
84
What is proximal procesS? said by Brommenheiner
the primary mechanism of socialization. Interactions with something or someone. peoples, objects, or symbols and they need to happen regularly and over a long period of time.
85
Any system that changes, affects the other systems. True or False.
True
86
Name the three types of broffenheimers personal characteristics
Demand characteristics, resource characteristics, and force characteristics
87
What is a high context culture vs. low context culture.
A high context culture is more collectiveistic, focused on the group, one with nature, focused on valuing individuals. A low context values the individual achievements, values freedoms, and personal gains.
88
Chronosystem
All about time and how events from the past and future affect a child.
89
What is a sense of community?
how long they've lived there, naming someone by the first name, whether or not you own the home, and your overall satisfaction with the community. It's not just geographical boundaries.
90
Name Historical trends with Child Labor and Family Work
Child labor - children have always helped their family. There was very little restriction on child labor, immigration children were the most over-worked but laws were put in in the United States because of the set up of public education, media and so others saw what was happening, looking into safety and deaths of children and why that was happening.
Family work can still be a good thing if done in the right appropriate ways. There were benfits because of the owrk they had to do on Earth. Work is not just temporal, it can be spiritual as well, especially as a family.
91
In mince's article on family law, "family perseveration as a whole was valued more than physical safety in the colonial period". True or False.
True. It was more important for the family to stay together than women and children and families to be safe.
92
Later as time shift, marriage became more about personal happiness which resulted in more divorce, more rights for women, and easier access to marriage as well. True or False
True, it also moved from a church focus to a therapeutic focus when a problem with your marriage happened.
93
Which part of what century was marriage viewed as a property arrangement?
early 19th century.
94
Which part of what century did no fault divorce laws start
later 20th century
95
Which part of what century were immigrant chidlren working 12-16 hours per day?
early 20th century
96
Which part of what century was the juvenile court system set up?
The very end of the nineteenth century and the very beginning of the twentieth century.
97
Which part of what century were women considered pillars of virtue and piety?
early nineteenth century
98
krenshaw coined the term intersectionality. true or false.
true
99
Which wave of feminism was Susan B. Anthony a part of?
The first one
100
Which wave of feminisim is associated with Roe vs. Wade?
The second one
101
Does everyone believe that the fourth wave is happening?
No but most believe that is primarily online, through social media
102
The racial disparity between employment and income was from one factor. True or False.
False. It as many factors including property taxes, education, lack of inheritance, custody, hiring discrimination, crime convictions. disparaty 5x more likely for blacks. Discrimination from banks, and were excluded from the social security act.
103
IV Max Kennedy believed that socialism would end racism. True or False.
Yes, others believed however that it was more about equity.
104
Who was Mary Kies
first woman to be granted a patent in the 19th century
105
Which wave talked about "the personal is political"
The third wave.
106
Which wave had the violence against women act?
the third wave.
107
Which act discussed paycheck fairness?
The fourth wave
108
Which wave is hilary clinton a part of?
the fourth wave because she ran for president.
109
why is kamala harris an important part of the fourth wave?
Because she was elected as the first vice presidnet of the United States that was a woman
110
Whihc wave was Title IX a part of?
The second wave.
111
Which wave was the equal pay act?
the second wave
112
Which wave was the nofault divorce
The second wave
113
Which wave discussed pregnancy discrimination
the second wave.
114
Which wave talked about "my body my right"
The second wave.
115
Who was someone associated with the second wave and what did she do?
author of feminine mystique is Frieden
116
Who was someone associated with the third wave and what did she do?
he Anita Hill case in 1991, sexaul assault case
117
Name all of the time period choices
The colonial period was in the 1600-1700's, the Victorian Era was the 1800's, the Reform Era was the early 1900's, the Early Modern Era was the 1960's-1970's, The time of the paper era was the (1990's), and now
118
The third era was sometimes seen as man-hating and was given a very vulgar or ugly reputation. True or False.
True
119
Who was someone in the second wave of feminism?
Betty Frieden who wrote the feminine mystique
120
Which scripture talks about getting rest through Christ?
Matthew 11:28
121
Which scripture talks about not judging others?
Moroni 7:12–14
122
Which scripture talks about loving your enemies?
Matthew 5:43–46
123
Which scripture talks about whoever comes unto me will be welcome
Doctrine and Covenants 10:67
