Part 1 Quiz Bioecological Systems Theory Flashcards
How does Bronfenbrenner’ Bioecological Systems Theory capture the contribution and interactions between nature and nurture?
the contributions of nature and nurture cannot be separated easily because they are part of a dynamic system, constantly influencing one another.
What are the key concepts of the theory?
That we are affected by our environment, relationships, and everything associated with it in different capacities
What are the characteristics of high-context and low-context Macrosystems?
a high context society relies more on nonverbal cues. They have a collective understanding for what is expected and what their story tells. a “family is everything” type of family with out as much flexibility is likely high context. A low context society relies more on direct social cues. They lean on written contracts, and clear instructions. they value the rights of the individual over the family.
How do changes in each system affect an individual and contribute to their socialization
It can both negatively and positively affect their life in employment, beliefs, attitudes, basic needs, demand characteristics, resource characteristics, and force characteristics
What are the defining characteristics that are needed to create a sense of community according to McMillan and Chavis’s theory of community? How is a community defined?
a sense of community that members have a belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members needs will be met through their commitment to be together. a group of people linked together by social ties, common interests or perspectives, or location as well. They may be diverse in some ways and similar in others.
What factors influence behavioral rootedness in a community?
Refers to the years of community residency, whether one’s home is owned or rented, and expected length of residency. The connections to a community includes membership, influence, fulfillment of needs, and emotional connection.
In Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, what is the difference between the ecosystem and macrosystem?
An eco system is focused on tangible things like a house, the buildings in a community etc. A macro system focuses more on ideology and the values and beliefs the community has. eco system: healthcare, a parents workplace, opportunities for rec in the community, etc.
According to the McMillan and Chavis article, Sense of Community: a Definition and Theory, what are four specific things that you could do to foster a deep sense of community in yourself or others?
membership, influence, fulfillment of needs, and emotional connection.
Considering both the reading on a “Sense of Community” and the reading and discussion about “Children, Families, and the State,” what laws or practices contributed to the colonial family’s commitment to public life? Consider membership, influence, integration, fulfillment of needs, and shared emotional connection
It started by deferring the needs tot he community and then it ended when we started to the defer the needs of an individual
Define partiarchal influence
a structure that influences power from a man, usually over a woman
Define individualism
self-reliance or the habit that favors freedom and agency, and wealth
Define collectivism
the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
Define low context
A low context society relies more on direct social cues. They lean on written contracts, and clear instructions. they value the rights of the individual over the family.
Define high context
a high context society relies more on nonverbal cues. They have a collective understanding for what is expected and what their story tells. a “family is everything” type of family with out as much flexibility is likely high context.
Define status offense
behaviors such as running away, truancy, curfew violations
Define in loco parentis
a relationship in which a person puts him/herself in the situation of a parent by assuming and discharging the obligations of a parent to a child.
Define non-criminal act under lead jurisdiction
Non-criminal offense means a finding of inappropriate conduct or misconduct not constituting a criminal offense in any jurisdiction. Example : court of law patient abuse, neglect.
Define indeterminate sentencing
a type of custodial sentence that consists of a range of years (such as five to ten years) and not a fixed time
Define no-fault divorce
a divorce that can be obtained without anyone having to allege or prove that one party’s behavior is to blame
Define commonwealth
an independent country or community, especially a democratic republic. an organized group of independent self-governing countries.
Define property distribution
how property is divided and distributed in a divorce, death, retirement, etc.
Define Dowry
property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage.
Define Levirate
a custom of the ancient Hebrews and other peoples by which a man may be obliged to marry his brother’s widow.
Define Slavery
the state of being a slave.
Define Democratic Family
a parenting style characterized by joint decision-making, mutual respect, autonomy, and responsibility.
Define Companionate Family
marriages based on affection, friendship, and sexual gratification. companionate marriages represent a shift away from institutional marriages, which were based on economic terms.
Define Child Labor and Industrialization
it led to poverty cycles. Children were ideal employees because they could be paid less, were often of smaller size so could attend to tasks in tight spaces and were less likely to organize and strike against their pitiable working conditions. It also led to insufficient nurture and mental illness.
What were the core beliefs and values of the New England courts and the Puritan courts during the colonial period?
Puritans adhered to the doctrine that a few elect would be saved and all others damned. They separated courts and religion however. It was a very unfair and unjust court system. The New engladn courts focused on the religious values and had little to do with the actual circumstances of the case. New England courts dealt with land titles, road building, and schools, as well as the collection of taxes. Women were not allowed to vote and it was run by white men.
How did the Puritan culture, specifically their religion affect their courts an d marriage practices?
Marriage was not a religious practice but a civil contract in Puritan beliefs. They were in favor of separating church and state. This allowed for divorce.
How have attitudes and legal outcomes, surrounding divorce, changed over time?
It has become much easier for a woman to divorce a man. There are better legal outcomes ins one ways.
What evidence exist that the nature of law has changed from a pedagogical [Biblical] teaching, moral exhortation] to a ______________________ focus?
secular
How has the patriarch influenced family dynamics historically and what factors have led to its gradual decline?
In patriarchal societies, women were given little control over their household financial, marriage, and economic decisions. As divorce became easier and cultural norms changed, women were empowered to take back those decisions. As the patriarchy broke down, it was likely influenced by democracy, a lack of respect for each other because of a lack of equality and equity, and the decline of religion. Also women’s influence and value in religion may also be a factor for the decline as a response of feeling suppressed.
What were the landmark differences in marriage and family law between the 18th Century, Early 19th Century, Late 19th Century, Early 20th Century, and Late 20th Century?
In the 18th century, it was still governed by the church. In the early 19th century, divorce became more accessible. By mid-late 20th century, nofault divorces began. Marriage has drastically declined in the late 20th century.
How has child labor changed over time? Historically, how old were children when they often left home to work?
Immigrant children worked 12-16 hours a day. Children were sometimes twelve to thirteen years old. The industrial revolution took advantage of children and many died in un-safe conditions and were put in very unhealthy situations. Partly because of media and those standing up when bad accidents happened, laws were passed to protect children and created children labor laws.
What circumstances and beliefs led to child labor becoming an issue and what social changes led to the end of child labor in the United States?
The puritans believed that children were born in sin. They were punished at an early age and not valued with play or education. This likely led to the being subjected to lots of work at an early age. Also economically, families suffered especially those were people of color or immigrants and so they were put in sweatshops and mills just to make enough to put food on the table. Incidents of child death continued to increase and until media was more aware, labor laws were put in place.
What were the main forces driving parents to send their children off as laborers and why couldn’t they keep the children at home? How did immigration and industrialization impact child labor?
They couldn’t afford the children. They were starving themselves. Sometimes families were subjected to hard situations like the head of household deserting or dying. As immigrations, it was hard to find employment and make enough. Orphan children were especially struggling and systems weren’t in place to take care of them. Industrialization needed workers and took advantage of families in that way.
When Adam and Eve partook of the fruit, what was cursed and why? According to Bahr and Loveless, what is the real power of family work?
Eating from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. its potential to transform lives, to forge strong families, to build strong communities.
What factors contributed to the breakdown of the strong patriarchal system that was so prevalent in the colonial period?
Access to divorce and employment opportunities for women. Access to different religions. The recognition that women were being abused and sometimes mistreated by men which allowed for diverse families. Immigration.
What role did the Puritan belief in the original sin play in the parenting practices of the devout during the colonial era?
Puritans believed that children were born in sin and so parenting was incredibly disciplined and abusive. Children were subjected to punishment and taught how to be.
List two social changes that provide evidence that the patriarchal control of fathers fell sharply during the 19th century.
One social change was access to divorce. This made it so that families were separated. The second social change was women’s access to property, and employment. This broke down some of the patriarchal responsibilities and caused tension and challenged patriarchal roles.
What social changes or milestone events contributed to an environment where laws could be passed that brought child labor to an end in the 1930s? Name two.
Labor and reform movements to make the workplace a safer environment led to child labor laws. Also the access to better media including newspapers led to more awareness of how bad the child labor was.
Define Assimilation
the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas.
Define Individualism
the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant. a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.
Define Pluralism
a situation in which people of different social classes, religions, races, etc., are together in a society but continue to have their different traditions and interests.
Define Melting Pot
a place where different peoples, styles, theories, etc. are mixed together.
Define Distribution of Power
Refers to how power is delegated in the government of a society.
Define Inequality vs Inequity
While inequality implies differences between individuals or population groups, inequity refers to differences which are unnecessary, unfair, and unjust.
Define Equal Opportunity vs. Equal Outcome
Equality of outcome looks to ensure people who are disadvantaged are making gains. Equality of opportunity looks to ensure that everyone has the same opportunities to make those gains.
Define Divine Nature
To become like our Heavenly Father. To become more like Him means to take on His nature—the divine nature. Associated with this divine nature are certain spiritual attributes, which we can pray to obtain and strive to possess.
